First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Konjević, Dean; Bujanić, Miljenko; Beck, Ana; Beck, Relja; Martinković, Franjo; Janicki, Zdravko

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.05.006

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This movement causes excessive tissue damage and severe haemorrhage, which often bring about the death of the animal (16). However, recent reports of fascioloidosis in roe deer have indicated the presence of juvenile trematodes in the liver parenchyma and of adults in the pseudocysts producing eggs (5,13); this could reflect a potential adaptation of roe deer to survive F. magna infection. As such, roe deer should also be considered to play a potential role in F. magna transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of infection in the studied area was found to significantly increase from 2014 to 2016 and 2017, and previous studies of cervids in the Lower Silesian Wilderness confirmed a similar trend of parasite expansion to new hosts and territories ( 5 , 8 , 26 ). Two key environmental risk factors for F. magna infection are soil type and the possibility of flooding and water accumulation, both of which favour the presence of the intermediate host ( 13 ); furthermore, parasite spread may be exacerbated by the growing population of cervids in the Lower Silesian Wilderness, integral to which are the recent introduction of fallow deer and the increasing popularity of deer farming ( 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the hosts appear to have adapted to some degree to accommodate fascioloidosis, it should still be considered one of the most dangerous parasitic diseases of wild and domestic ruminants ( 10 , 13 , 28 ). The presence of F. magna in all cervid species in the Lower Silesian Wilderness increases the risk of transmission to livestock and farmed deer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence of Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in the wild cervid population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness – epidemiological and pathological aspects

Filip-Hutsch

Pyziel-Serafin

Hutsch³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Fascioloides magna is a parasite of high veterinary importance due to its pathogenicity for wild and domestic ruminants. The aim of our study was to describe the presence of trematode infection in the red deer population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness, one of the established fascioloidosis foci in Central Europe, and to assess the overall prevalence of F. magna in the studied area. In order to achieve this, a coprological study of different cervid species was performed. Material and Methods The livers of 99 red deer were collected over three years and examined for the presence of trematodes. Prevalence and infection intensity was estimated and a histopathological analysis was performed. In addition, 172 faecal samples from red deer, fallow deer and roe deer were examined. Results By year, Fascioloides magna was isolated from the livers of 2/30 (6.7%), 9/34 (26.5%) and 10/35 (28.6%) red deer. Severe hepatic lesions, including massive tissue damage, extensive fibrosis, and cirrhotic changes in the liver parenchyma were observed. Faecal examination revealed the presence of F. magna eggs, with a prevalence of approximately 40%, 50% and 53% in roe deer, fallow deer and red deer, respectively. Conclusion The eggs of F. magna may be commonly excreted in the faeces of roe deer, as well as those of red deer and fallow deer. The presence of F. magna throughout the cervid population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness favours the risk of the trematode’s transmission to livestock or farmed deer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence of Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in the wild cervid population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness – epidemiological and pathological aspects

Filip-Hutsch

Pyziel-Serafin

Hutsch³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…Despite the aforementioned aberrant host characterisation, in recent years, some studies revealed that pseudocyst formation, fluke maturation, and egg production are not uncommon phenomena as previously described. In a Croatian survey, 227 liver and faecal samples were analysed to assess the presence of F. magna in differently located roe deer populations [ 5 ]. Fourteen of the organs contained active pseudocysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite adult parasites, none of the faecal samples was positive for the F. magna egg. The authors concluded that the observed phenomena indicated a potential beginning of adaptation processes in roe deer [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hatchability of Fascioloides magna Eggs in Cervids

et al. 2023

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The giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) is an invasive parasite found permanently in three foci in Europe. The fluke has an indirect life cycle involving a final and an intermediate host. The currently accepted terminology determines three types of final hosts: definitive, dead-end, and aberrant hosts. Recently, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) has been classified as an aberrant host, which cannot contribute to the reproduction of F. magna. This study investigated the hatchability of F. magna eggs of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer origin to compare the suitability of the two host species for the maintenance of the parasite. The study was carried out on a newly invaded area, two years after the first reported observation of F. magna. The prevalence of the parasite proved to be 68.4% (CI95% 44.6–85.3%) in red deer and 36.7% (CI95% 24.8–50.0%) in roe deer. The difference between the two species was confirmed to be significant (p = 0.02). The mean intensity proved to be 10.0 (CI95% 4.9–22.6) and 7.59 (CI95% 2.7–24.2) in the red deer and the roe deer, respectively. The difference of the mean intensities did not prove to be significant (p = 0.72). Of the 70 observed pseudocysts, 67 originated from red deer and 3 from roe deer. Most of the pseudocysts contained two flukes, while a few pseudocysts contained one or three parasites. Egg production was observed in all three types of pseudocysts. We did not find more than three flukes in any pseudocyst. The apparent proportion of self-fertilisation in flukes without mating partners was 23.5% and 100% in red deer and roe deer, respectively. The survival of single-parent eggs was not confirmed to be worse than that of gregarious parents. The viability of offspring originating from roe and red deer differed significantly. Our findings suggest that F. magna adapted to the new populations of susceptible hosts rather than vice versa.

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Occurrence, ecology and management of Fascioloides magna in Bavaria, southern Germany

König,

Ehrmantraut

2024

Wildlife Biology

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In 2015, red deer infected with American liver fluke were discovered in the Veldenstein Forest area for the first time. This was the first detection of the fluke in a wild deer population in Bavaria. The aim of the study was to determine the American liver fluke prevalence rates in red deer, roe deer and wild boar in the Veldenstein Forest, as well as factors influencing these rates. Since 2018, the livers of 83% of the red deer culled in the study area have been examined, as well as those of the occasional roe deer and wild boar. The livers are classified by adspection and dissection into four levels of infection. The age of the animals was estimated based on dentition and tooth cementum annuli in the first molar (M1). The livers of 520 red deer, 226 roe deer and 75 wild boar were dissected. All wild boar livers tested negative. 3% of roe deer and 36% of red deer livers were positive. The red deer population was reduced to lower the prevalence, beginning in 2018. In the following years, it fell significantly. Medium and high infection levels were initially detected in 61% of adult red deer. Since 2018, the median number of flukes per infected liver has decreased significantly from 17.51 flukes/liver to 10.0 flukes/liver. On driven hunts, significantly more diseased deer were found than during hunting from raised hides. Furthermore, there are close correlations between the age of the red deer, infections, and the distance from the Pegnitz floodplains. The American liver fluke leads to the extinction of roe deer locally and to a massive infection and decimation of the red deer. Without a drastic reduction in the number of infected deer populations, there is a risk of large‐scale infection of native deer species across Bavaria.

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First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The occurrence of Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in the wild cervid population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness – epidemiological and pathological aspects

The occurrence of Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in the wild cervid population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness – epidemiological and pathological aspects

Hatchability of Fascioloides magna Eggs in Cervids

Occurrence, ecology and management of Fascioloides magna in Bavaria, southern Germany

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