First record and redefinition of the Qingdao population of marine ciliate Cardiostomatella vermiformis (Kahl, 1928) Corliss, 1960 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Wang, Yangang; Hu, Xiaozhong; Song, Weibo

doi:10.1007/s11802-007-0387-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…(present paper) appear to have a scutica. Cardiostomatella chesapeakensis is the only species in its genus that has been reported to have a scutica (Wang et al 2005); however, it was first described as lacking a scutica by de Puytorac, Detche, and Groliere (1981). Small and Lynn (1985) show an illustration of the infraciliature of a species identified as C. chesapeakensis in which the buccal apparatus possesses an obvious scutico‐vestige, but we think this may be a misidentification of the species because the ratio of its buccal area to the length of the body differs from the original population (1/3 vs. 1/6) (de Puytorac et al 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Paratetrahymena parawassi n. sp. using Morphological and Molecular Evidence and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Paratetrahymena and Other Taxonomically Ambiguous Genera in the Order Loxocephalida (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

Zhang

Fan

Clamp

et al. 2010

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The marine scuticociliate Paratetrahymena parawassi n. sp. is described on the basis of morphology, especially infraciliature, and the sequence of its small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene to become the second known member of its genus. Paratetrahymena and other ciliates in the order Loxocephalida possess a mixture of morphological and morphogenetic features characteristic of the subclasses Hymenostomatia and Scuticociliatia. Accordingly, we used SSU rRNA sequences to analyze the phylogeny of Paratetrahymena and three other loxocephalid genera. Paratetrahymena and Cardiostomatella vermiformis formed a moderately well-supported clade that diverged at a deep level from all other scuticociliates, supporting separation of loxocephalids from other scuticociliates as a suprafamilial taxon. Sathrophilus holtae was a sister taxon to Paratetrahymena and Cardiostomatella in a poorly supported, unresolved relationship; nevertheless, association of all three genera into a single clade was supported by an approximately unbiased (AU) test. Any association of these genera singly or as a group with the Hymenostomatia was rejected decisively by AU tests and by a complete absence in the loxocephalids of the unique nucleotide identities that distinguish hymenostomes. Therefore, the morphological and morphogenetic similarities of loxocephalids to hymenostomes may be plesiomorphies, and the conflicting mix of scuticociliate and hymenostome characteristics seen in loxocephalids may result from differing rates of character evolution. Dexiotrichides pangi and Urocentrum, which is currently classified as a peniculid, formed a small clade that associated with hymenostomes and peritrichs. Monophyly of the Loxocephalida with Dexiotrichides and/or Urocentrum included was not rejected by AU; however, inclusion of Urocentrum in the Peniculia was rejected by AU tests. A hypothesis is offered to explain the lack of resolution of loxocephalid ciliates and Urocentrum in phylogenetic trees, namely that their phylogenetic positions are influenced by a combination of heterogeneous data and long-branch attraction caused by poor representation of taxa in analyses. The well-known genus Cyclidium, a member of the order Pleuronematida, was revealed to be polyphyletic as a byproduct of our analyses of loxocephalids. In particular, Cyclidium porcatum appears to fall outside the clade containing typical members of the subclass Scuticociliatia and thus invites investigation as a possible member of the order Loxocephalida.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Paratetrahymena parawassi n. sp. using Morphological and Molecular Evidence and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Paratetrahymena and Other Taxonomically Ambiguous Genera in the Order Loxocephalida (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

Zhang

Fan

Clamp

et al. 2010

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…2003, 2005). Morphologically, Cardiostomatella vermiformis shows combined characters of Peniculia and Hymenostomatia, having Frontonia ‐like preoral and postoral sutures and Tetrahymena ‐like compact oral membranelles (Wang et al. 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecules or morphogenesis: how to determine the phylogenetic assignment of Paratetrahymena (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)?

Li¹,

X²,

Yi³

et al. 2010

Zoologica Scripta

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S. (2010). Molecules or morphogenesis: how to determine the phylogenetic assignment of Paratetrahymena (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)? -Zoologica Scripta, 39, 499-510. The phylogeny of the genus Paratetrahymena was studied based on molecular, morphological and morphogenetic evidence of a poorly known species, P. wassi (The Virginia Journal of Science, 14, 1963, 126). Phylogenetic trees constructed with sequences of small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) demonstrate that P. wassi, together with another morphotype of this genus and Cardiostomatella vermiforme, always form a distinct sister group to the typical scuticociliates and are clearly isolated from the Hymenostomatia and Peritrichia clades. Its stomatogenesis, however, is like that of hymenostomes in that the parental oral structure is completely inherited by the proter and the new oral anlagen of the opisthe derives from the right postoral kinety, thus supporting a close relationship with the Hymenostomatia. The only conclusions that can be reached from molecular, morphological and morphogenetic information are that (1) Paratetrahymena seems to belong to the order Loxocephalida and (2) clarifying the classification, phylogenetic position and composition of the Loxocephalida still depends on obtaining a much more inclusive set of all kinds of data. As a further contribution, a new diagnosis and morphological redescription of Paratetrahymena and P. wassi are provided based on new data. It is interesting that molecular evidence also suggests that the morphologically unique Urocentrum, which has been classified as a peniculid for a long time, is closely related to a putative loxocephalid, Dexiotrichides pangi, and that both might occupy a phylogenetic position distant from the taxa to which they are assigned at present.

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Multigene-based analyses on evolutionary phylogeny of two controversial ciliate orders: Pleuronematida and Loxocephalida (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

Gao

Katz

Song

2013

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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First record and redefinition of the Qingdao population of marine ciliate Cardiostomatella vermiformis (Kahl, 1928) Corliss, 1960 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Description of Paratetrahymena parawassi n. sp. using Morphological and Molecular Evidence and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Paratetrahymena and Other Taxonomically Ambiguous Genera in the Order Loxocephalida (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

Description of Paratetrahymena parawassi n. sp. using Morphological and Molecular Evidence and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Paratetrahymena and Other Taxonomically Ambiguous Genera in the Order Loxocephalida (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

Molecules or morphogenesis: how to determine the phylogenetic assignment of Paratetrahymena (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)?

Multigene-based analyses on evolutionary phylogeny of two controversial ciliate orders: Pleuronematida and Loxocephalida (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

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