First read rate analysis of 2D-barcodes for camera phone applications as a ubiquitous computing tool.

Kato, Hiroko; Tan, Ken Seng

doi:10.1109/tencon.2007.4428778

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some new barcode designs such as High Capacity Color Barcode (HCCB) [24] use multiple colors to multiply the data capacity. With the help of various decoding techniques to improve the decoding quality [19], popular barcodes have a high first-read rate (FRR) [18] during the scanning process. Screen-camera links.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing reliability to boost the throughput over screen-camera links

Wang

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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With the rapid proliferation of camera-equipped smart devices (e.g., smartphones, pads, tablets), visible light communication (vlc) over screen-camera links emerges as a novel form of near-field communication. Such communication via smart devices is highly competitive for its userfriendliness, security, and infrastructure-less (i.e., no dependency on WiFi or cellular infrastructure). However, existing approaches mostly focus on improving the transmission speed and ignore the transmission reliability. Considering the interplay between the transmission speed and reliability towards effective end-to-end communication, in this paper, we aim to boost the throughput over screen-camera links by enhancing the transmission reliability. To this end, we propose RDCode, a robust dynamic barcode which enables a novel packet-frame-block structure. Based on the layered structure, we design different error correction schemes at three levels: intra-blocks, inter-blocks and inter-frames, in order to verify and recover the lost blocks and frames. Finally, we implement RDCode and experimentally show that RDCode reaches a high level of transmission reliability (e.g., reducing the error rate to 10%) and yields at least two-fold improvement of transmission rate, compared with the existing state-of-the-art approach COBRA.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing reliability to boost the throughput over screen-camera links

Wang

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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“…As for the last three 2D-Barcodes, they focus more on robust and reliable reading, taking into account the reading limitations of built-in cameras in mobile phones. They differ greatly from the other barcodes in terms of data capacity [3]. H. Kato and K.T.…”

Section: Barcode and Cell Phone Technologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With the integration of cameras, mobile phones act as scanners, barcode readers and portable data storages and maintaining network connectivity. When used together with such camera phones, 2D-barcodes work as a tag to connect the digital and physical world [3]. Today most of the mobile applications encode a URL or a website address inside a 2D barcode to visit a web page containing a video clip or a document that can be accessed from a mobile web browser.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information management system using 2D barcodes and cell phone technology

Sirkanungo

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“…These codes are decoded successfully without major efforts in terms of stability of code or camera. While performance of some QR code detection algorithms are studied in [LYL08] and first read rate performances of some 2D barcodes have been studied in [KT07b], the research is rather focused on user experience as an important factor, which is to determine if the user is able to decode the barcode at first try. In fact, performance of 2D barcode decoders are measured by the frames processed per second, thus when a barcode scanner tries to decode a stationary 2D barcode, multiple frames are processed within a second and a successful decode will be reported if only one frame is captured in good conditions.…”

Section: Inter-symbol Interference (Isi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Design Configuration for Wireless Data Transmission

Bidgoli¹,

Amin²

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The concept of 2D barcodes is of great relevance for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic devices. In a typical setup, any file on a cell phone for example can be transferred to a second cell phone through a series of images on the LCD which are then captured and decoded through the camera of the second cell phone. In this research, a new approach for data modulation in 2D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard methods of barcode modulation. In the proposed method, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements to modulate intensity of individual pixels. It is shown that the bit error rate performance of the proposed system is superior to the current state of the art in various scenarios. A specific aim of this study is to establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera motion, picture blur and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an LCD. Furthermore, intensity modulation requires the input signal used to modulate a light source to be positive, which requires the addition of a dc bias. In the meantime, the high crest factor of OFDM requires a lower modulation index to limit clipping distortion. These two factors result in poor power efficiency in radio over fiber applications in which signal bandwidth is generally much less than the carrier frequency. In this vi study, it is shown that clipping a bipolar radio frequency signal at zero level, when it has a carrier frequency sufficiently higher than its bandwidth, results in negligible distortion in the pass band and most of the distortion power is concentrated in the baseband. Consequently, with less power provided to the optical carrier, higher power efficiencies and better receiver sensitivity will result. Finally, a more efficient optical integrated system is introduced to implement the proposed intensity modulation method which is optimized for radio over fiber applications. vii

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First read rate analysis of 2D-barcodes for camera phone applications as a ubiquitous computing tool.

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Enhancing reliability to boost the throughput over screen-camera links

Enhancing reliability to boost the throughput over screen-camera links

Information management system using 2D barcodes and cell phone technology

An Optical Design Configuration for Wireless Data Transmission

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