“…The optical band gap of Bi 2 Se 3 can be tuned by controlling the following factors. (1) The method of synthesis, which can be chemical deposition 15 – 17 , thermal evaporation 18 , 19 , or the hydrothermal method 20 , and (2) dopants, such as Te 19 , 21 , Sb 22 , Pb 23 , Dy 24 , Ni 25 , Sn 11 , Cr 26 , In 11 , Gd 27 , Tl 28 , Fe 29 , and Nd 20 . (3) the heterostructures; these include ZnO@CdS nanostructures 30 , ZnO-ZnS nanostructures 31 , TiO 2 @CdS nanorods 32 , ZnO@Ag nanostructures 33 , silver/ZnO and gold/ZnO nanostructures 34 , and CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals 35 .…”