First-principles investigation on multiferroic properties of BiFeO3-REMnO3 (RE = Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Tb)

Gd3+-substituted BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles: facile synthesis, characterization, and applications in heterogeneous catalysis

“…Multiferroic nanomaterials exhibit structural, optical, electric, and magnetic characteristics that result in dielectric, semiconducting, ferroelectricity, piezoelectric, antiferro/ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity in the same phase at room temperature, while requiring empty and partly filled transition or rare-earth metal d-orbitals. [1][2][3][4][5][6] They have extensive commercial applications in magnetic/ferroelectric data storage, ecologically friendly devices, low power consumption, photosensitizers, electromagnets, spintronics, and sensor devices. [7][8][9] The chemical formula for the perovskite, which is derived from calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ), is ABO 3 -type.…”

“…Due to the fact that it shows both the ferroelectric order at a high Curie temperature (T c ≈1103-1143 K) and anti-ferromagnetic order at the Neel temperature (T N = 651 K), it has attracted considerable interest. [3][4][5]13,14 The BFO perovskite has an R3c space group rhombohedral structure. Due to the unpaired electrons in the d shell of Fe 3+ ions and exchange or Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (D-M) interactions via O 2− ions, the magnetic structure of BFO is a G-type antiferromagnetic, exhibiting extremely weak ferromagnetic activity.…”