“…Advances in deep learning have enabled the development of models that have exhibited a remarkable tendency to recognize (Fathi, Li, and Rehg 2012;Liu, Kuipers, and Savarese 2011;Singh, Arora, and Jawahar 2016;Sudhakaran, Escalera, and Lanz 2019;Zhang, Li, and Rehg 2017) and localize actions (Aakur and Sarkar 2020;Jain et al 2015) in videos. However, they tend to experience errors when faced with scenes or examples beyond their initial training environment.…”