First PCR-free electrochemical bioplatform for the detection of mustard Sin a 1 protein as a potential “hidden” food allergen

Biosensor in smart food traceability system for food safety and security

“…Although it is not a common food allergen, there has been a growing incidence of mustard allergies. Therefore, a disposable electrochemical PCR-free biosensor was generated for the selective detection of protein Sin a 1, the most potent allergen in yellow mustard [ 151 ]. The detection principle was done through the formation of DNA/RNA heterohybrid-specific antibodies by sandwich hybridization, resulting in simple and fast detection with a LOD of 3 pM.…”

Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors: Pervasive Devices with Exciting Alliances and Horizons Ahead

“…Electrochemical affinity biosensors provide also exciting opportunities to advance precision nutrition by interrogating allergen or adulterant indicator targets, regardless of their omics level, origin (plant , or animal) and organelle type (nucleus, mitochondrion or chloroplast) in raw and processed foods, in addition to specific clinical markers (e.g., IgEs and IgG4 selective to the allergenic target) in biofluids . A representative example is a dual bioelectronic chip for the simultaneous monitoring of vitamins C and D in a 10-μL saliva sample in less than 25 min.…”

“…Remarkable examples are the bioplatforms implemented on gold wires 106 or needles 107 for in vivo continuous, real-time monitoring of drugs in live rats, and the multiplexed microfluidic bioplatform displayed in Figure 11 for the simultaneous determination of viral load (viral E RNA and RdRP genes using assays enhanced by CRISPR/Cas, gene editing technology discussed in more detail in the following subsection) and ß-lactam antibiotic in nasal swabs and serum from COVID-19-infected patients, which allowed near real-time assessment of the efficacy of therapy for the treated infection. 48 Electrochemical affinity biosensors provide also exciting opportunities to advance precision nutrition by interrogating allergen or adulterant indicator targets, regardless of their omics level, origin (plant 108,109 or animal 110 ) and organelle type (nucleus, mitochondrion 91 or chloroplast) in raw and processed foods, in addition to specific clinical markers (e.g., IgEs and IgG4 selective to the allergenic target) in biofluids. 111 A representative example is a dual bioelectronic chip for the simultaneous monitoring of vitamins C and D in a 10-μL saliva sample in less than 25 min.…”

Pursuing precision in medicine and nutrition: the rise of electrochemical biosensing at the molecular level

“…Although it is possible to assist personalized nutrition by determining the molecular biomarker in the food to be ingested or directly in the biofluids, this review only discusses the bioplatforms used to determine molecular markers in body fluids. However, it is important to remark that electrochemical bioplatforms have been employed for the detection of allergens and food adulterations at the protein [ 75 , 76 ] and genetic [ 77 , 78 ] levels. Due to the higher integrity of DNA with respect to proteins during food processing, the development of electrochemical bioplatforms allowing the identification of genomic DNA from current allergens, such as mustard [ 78 ], and other targets derived from little explored plant and animal organelles, such as chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA [ 77 ], should be highlighted in this field.…”

“…However, it is important to remark that electrochemical bioplatforms have been employed for the detection of allergens and food adulterations at the protein [ 75 , 76 ] and genetic [ 77 , 78 ] levels. Due to the higher integrity of DNA with respect to proteins during food processing, the development of electrochemical bioplatforms allowing the identification of genomic DNA from current allergens, such as mustard [ 78 ], and other targets derived from little explored plant and animal organelles, such as chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA [ 77 ], should be highlighted in this field. The flexibility showed by these biotools to detect allergenic targets, regardless of their omics level, origin (plant or animal) and type of organelle (nucleus, mitochondrion, or chloroplast), together with the versatility in format, design, and use, as well as the simplicity and capacity for in situ and multiplexed quantification allowed by current electrode substrates and electrochemical instrumentation, make electrochemical bioplatforms very promising tools for advancing precision nutrition.…”