First-Order Grating Coupling Coefficients in Asymmetric Three-Layer Waveguides for Transverse Electric Modes

Jin, Huifang; Liu, Kent; Butler, J.K.; Sun, Nai–Hsiang; Evans, G.A.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2661842

“…To reduce the coupling coefficients and obtain narrower reflection spectral widths, the regions between the grating teeth could be filled with higher-index materials such as Si7N3 [24] or higher-index polymer materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

Evans¹

2022

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple thin film effective index analysis for first-order gratings in Si photonic waveguides is shown to provide highly accurate results for reflected and transmitted power spectrums as long as the waveguide remains single mode and non-radiating. A cover layer can be added to the grating region of a Si photonic waveguide to increase the strength of the grating, modify transition losses from the input waveguide to the grating waveguide region, and/or modify the width of the reflectivity spectrum. For a given grating period, the peak reflection and spectral width of the reflectivity decrease as the duty cycle is decreased or increased from ~50%. For both radiating and multimode structures, the coupling between all modes, power radiated towards the superstrate (upwards), power radiated downwards (substrate) and transmitted power analyzed by Floquet-Bloch, Eigenmode Expansion and Finite Difference Time Domain methods show excellent agreement. Coupling coefficients calculated using analytic formulas are shown to be accurate only for shallow grating depths.

show abstract

“…. v (1) H . (35) (For multiple grating layers, say the jth layer, the matrices are denoted as V j and V j γ .)…”

Section: Grating Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguide Characteristics Near the Second Bragg Condition

Evans¹,

Butler²,

Sun³

2022

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We show that in an optical waveguide with no material losses at wavelengths near the second-order Bragg condition, there exists two pairs of modes. One pair has identical propagation constants but have different attenuation coefficients, while a second pair with identical propagation constants (different from the first pair) and have different attenuation coefficients. The four attenuation coefficients may have either a positive value, representing power leaking out of a waveguide mode or a negative value, representing power from an external source leaking into a mode. Moreover, a mode with a positive (negative) attenuation before the second Bragg condition, has a negative (positive) attenuation after the second Bragg condition. Radiation near the second-order Bragg condition of a periodic waveguide typically occurs at an angle perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the propagation direction of the waveguide because the scattering centers have a period equal to or close to the period of the longitudinal propagation constant of the mode. In this paper, stable numerical solutions for the modes of periodic dielectric structures are developed using Floquet-Bloch theory. One primary focus in this paper illustrates a unique method of analyzing such modes using eigenvectors forming a Hilbert space, allowing for expansion of arbitrary vectors and their derivatives used for calculations such as that involving group velocities. The dimension of the vector space is determined by the number of space harmonics used in the solution of the Floquet-Bloch equations. The accuracy of the numerical solutions is affected by the number of space harmonics; as that number is increased, the number of waveguide partitions must be increased to maintain a given accuracy.

show abstract

“…1a,b,c) is the maximum value of a (κ = apeak). Table III shows a comparison of κ calculated by the analytic perturbation formula κ = κpq [24,25,26,27], by the Floquet-Bloch method κ = apeak, and by 𝜅 = 𝜅 '$() (slab effective index method).…”

Section: 𝐹(𝑥 𝑧) = ∑ 𝜓mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slab effective index method has excellent agreement with Floquet Bloch at the first Bragg condition, but because the analytic formulas are based on perturbation theories, the agreement is reasonable only if the grating depth is less than ~ 20% of the waveguide core thickness. If the waveguide supports multiple modes with propagation constants βp and βq, the same grating wavector K couples the pp, p-q, and q-q modes for wavelengths that satisfy [24]:…”

Section: 𝐹(𝑥 𝑧) = ∑ 𝜓mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

Evans¹

2022

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple thin film effective index analysis for first-order gratings in Si photonic waveguides is shown to provide highly accurate results for reflected and transmitted power spectrums as long as the waveguide remains single mode and non-radiating. A cover layer can be added to the grating region of a Si photonic waveguide to increase the strength of the grating, modify transition losses from the input waveguide to the grating waveguide region, and/or modify the width of the reflectivity spectrum. For a given grating period, the peak reflection and spectral width of the reflectivity decrease as the duty cycle is decreased or increased from ~50%. For both radiating and multimode structures, the coupling between all modes, power radiated towards the superstrate (upwards), power radiated downwards (substrate) and transmitted power analyzed by Floquet-Bloch, Eigenmode Expansion and Finite Difference Time Domain methods show excellent agreement. Coupling coefficients calculated using analytic formulas are shown to be accurate only for shallow grating depths.

show abstract

First-Order Grating Coupling Coefficients in Asymmetric Three-Layer Waveguides for Transverse Electric Modes

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

Waveguide Characteristics Near the Second Bragg Condition

Analysis of First-Order Gratings in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About