“…The initial years following the introduction of Bythotrephes, Leptodora densities declined substantially, thought to be a result of competition and predation by the newly invaded predator (Lehman, 1991;Branstrator, 1995). Cercopagis' invasion was originally discovered in two localized areas of Lake Michigan in 1999 (Charlebois et al, 2001), and by 2000, it was abundant at our study area in the southeastern part of the lake (Vanderploeg et al, 2002).…”