First observation of parametric X-rays produced by moderate relativistic protons and carbon nuclei in Si crystals

Monte Carlo modeling of crystal channeling at high energies

“…For a crystal used as a collimator in a synchrotron, this effect is strongly reduced as particles interact only with the part of the device close to the beam. Other types of crystals as well as compound crystals were also tested in the scope of the experiment such as thin flat crystals allowing to investigate the PXR 2 [61,62] or multi-strip crystals, consisting of several identical strips oriented so that a particle reflected from a given strip would also undergo volume reflection in the next ones [61,63]. The model described in chapter 3 can in principle be applied for simulating such compound crystals, assuming a proper FLUKA geometry describing the crystal properties.…”

Potential of Parametric X-rays for Application in Particle Identification Detectors

“…Key experiment with first observation of PXR from 70 GeV protons was reported in [4]. Later, PXR has been studied with 5 GeV protons and 2.2 GeV/u carbon nuclei in a silicon crystal on the external beams of the Nuclotron at JINR [5] and with 400 GeV/c protons in bent crystals at CERN SPS [6].…”