First Observation of Experimental <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Infection of Three Malaria Vectors from the Brazilian Amazon

Araújo, Maísa da Silva; Andrade, Alice Oliveira; Santos, Najara Akira Costa dos; Castro, Raphael Brum; Pereira, Dhélio Batista; Rodrigues, Moreno Magalhães de Souza; Costa, Glaucilene da Silva; Júnior, Antônio Marques Pereira; Carvalho, Luís Paulo Costa; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes; Pereira-da-Silva, Luiz Hidelbrando

doi:10.1089/vbz.2019.2527

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The strong association between asexual parasite and gametocyte density ( Koepfli et al., 2015 ) make clinical P. vivax malaria cases highly infectious to mosquitoes at the moment of clinical presentation ( Martins-Campos et al., 2018 ; Tadesse et al., 2018 ). Given that P. vivax parasites are capable of infecting a wide variety of Anopheles mosquitoes ( Rios-Velásquez et al., 2013 ; Araújo et al., 2020 ), it is unsurprising that P. vivax transmission is highly efficient in many settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally acquired antibodies to gametocyte antigens are associated with reduced transmission of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes to Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes

Tebeje

Chali

Hailemeskel

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Naturally acquired antibodies may reduce the transmission of Plasmodium gametocytes to mosquitoes. Here, we investigated associations between antibody prevalence and P. vivax infectivity to mosquitoes. A total of 368 microscopy confirmed P. vivax symptomatic patients were passively recruited from health centers in Ethiopia and supplemented with 56 observations from asymptomatic P. vivax parasite carriers. Direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA) were performed to assess mosquito infectivity; for selected feeds these experiments were also performed after replacing autologous plasma with malaria naïve control serum (n=61). The prevalence of antibodies against 6 sexual stage antigens (Pvs47, Pvs48/45, Pvs230, PvsHAP2, Pvs25 and PvCelTOS) and an array of asexual antigens was determined by ELISA and multiplexed bead-based assays. Gametocyte (ρ< 0.42; p = 0.0001) and parasite (ρ = 0.21; p = 0.0001) densities were positively associated with mosquito infection rates. Antibodies against Pvs47, Pvs230 and Pvs25 were associated with 23 and 34% reductions in mosquito infection rates (p<0.0001), respectively. Individuals who showed evidence of transmission blockade in serum-replacement DMFAs (n=8) were significantly more likely to have PvsHAP2 or Pvs47 antibodies. Further studies may demonstrate causality for the observed associations, improve our understanding of the natural transmission of P. vivax and support vaccine development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally acquired antibodies to gametocyte antigens are associated with reduced transmission of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes to Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes

Tebeje

Chali

Hailemeskel

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…However, the infection intensity of the An. darlingi colony 12 – 14 , 17 , 18 , 21 that has been obtained is below the ones described for Asian vectors, such as An. stephensi 26 An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Since the establishment of An. darling colony in Brazil 14 , artificial infection has shown the susceptibility of this colony to local P. vivax isolates 18 – 22 . However, the infection intensity of the An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Plasmodium vivax infection of colonized Amazonian Anopheles darlingi

Andrade,

Santos,

Bastos

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Obtaining Plasmodium vivax sporozoites is essential for in vitro culture of liver stage parasites, not only to understand fundamental aspects of parasite biology, but also for drug and vaccine development. A major impediment to establish high-throughput in vitro P. vivax liver stage assays for drug development is obtaining sufficient numbers of sporozoites. To do so, female anopheline mosquitoes have to be fed on blood from P. vivax-infected patients through an artificial membrane-feeding system, which in turns requires a well-established Anopheles colony. In this study we established conditions to provide a robust supply of P. vivax sporozoites. Adding a combination of serum replacement and antibiotics to the membrane-feeding protocol was found to best improve sporozoite production. A simple centrifugation method appears to be a possible tool for rapidly obtaining purified sporozoites with a minimal loss of yield. However, this method needs to be better defined since sporozoite viability and hepatocyte infection were not evaluated.

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“…There remains a gap in understanding of how well P. vivax transmits from humans to mosquitoes. Although many mosquito feeding assays have been performed and together provided a valuable dataset of P. vivax infectivity [10][11][12][13][14][15][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], the majority of data were obtained at the clinical level of parasite densities. Far fewer data have been acquired at low-density levels typical of asymptomatic carriers [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission efficiency of Plasmodium vivax at low parasitaemia

Surit

Sripoorote

Kumpitak

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background Plasmodium vivax is responsible for much of malaria outside Africa. Although most P. vivax infections in endemic areas are asymptomatic and have low parasite densities, they are considered a potentially important source of transmission. Several studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic P. vivax carriers can transmit the parasite to mosquitoes, but the efficiency has not been well quantified. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between parasite density and mosquito infectivity, particularly at low parasitaemia. Methods Membrane feeding assays were performed using serial dilutions of P. vivax-infected blood to define the relationship between parasitaemia and mosquito infectivity. Results The infection rate (oocyst prevalence) and intensity (oocyst load) were positively correlated with the parasite density in the blood. There was a broad case-to-case variation in parasite infectivity. The geometric mean parasite density yielding a 10% mosquito infection rate was 33 (CI 95 9–120) parasites/µl or 4 (CI 95 1–17) gametocytes/µl. The geometric mean parasite density yielding a 50% mosquito infection rate was 146 (CI 95 36–586) parasites/µl or 13 (CI 95 3–49) gametocytes/µl. Conclusion This study quantified the ability of P. vivax to infect Anopheles dirus at over a broad range of parasite densities. It provides important information about parasite infectivity at low parasitaemia common among asymptomatic P. vivax carriers.

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First Observation of Experimental Plasmodium vivax Infection of Three Malaria Vectors from the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Naturally acquired antibodies to gametocyte antigens are associated with reduced transmission of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes to Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes

Naturally acquired antibodies to gametocyte antigens are associated with reduced transmission of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes to Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes

Optimization of Plasmodium vivax infection of colonized Amazonian Anopheles darlingi

Transmission efficiency of Plasmodium vivax at low parasitaemia

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