First National Workshop on Antibiotic Resistance in Cambodia: Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 16–18 November 2011

Vlieghe, Erika; Sary, Sar; Lim, Kruy; Sivuthy, C.; Phe, Thong; Parry, Christopher M.; Smet, Birgit De; Monidarin, C.; Baron, Ellen Jo; Moore, Catrin E.; Mfuko, William; Asgari, Nima; Chhorvoin, O.; Steenkeste, Nicolas; Leyer, Caroline; Griensven, Johan van; Thai, Sopheak; Jacobs, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2013.01.007

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We highly support initiatives, like recently in Cambodia, to bring together policy‐makers, clinicians, pharmacists, laboratory technicians and other professionals dealing with the problems of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance across the country (Vlieghe et al . ). Until then, transmission of multidrug‐resistant HA‐SA isolates can be reduced by measures as contact precautions, appropriate hand hygiene and education of personnel, even in facilities where they are highly endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emergence of methicillin resistance and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin positivity in hospital‐ and community‐acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Beira, Mozambique

Meeren

Millard

Scacchetti

et al. 2013

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjectives The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns, including methicillin resistance, inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS B ) resistance and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin gene carriage among hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (HA-SA) and community-acquired S. aureus (CA-SA), in Beira, Mozambique.methods In 2010-2011, two prospective surveillance studies were conducted on post-operative and burn wound infections at the Central Hospital of Beira and on skin and soft tissue abscesses at the São Lucas Health Centre. We cultured pus samples, identified suspected S. aureus isolates and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including detection of MLS B resistance. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mecA, Martineau and PVL genes.results The prevalence of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA) infection among 53 inpatients was 15.1%; the prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) infection among 100 outpatients was 1.0%. Inducible MLS B resistance was present in 41.7% and 10.7% of HA-SA and CA-SA isolates, respectively. PVL toxin gene was detected in 81.1% of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) compared with 11.1% of methicillinresistant S. aureus.conclusions Our study shows, for the first time in Mozambique, the emergence of HA-MRSA. The prevalence of CA-MRSA was low, whereas the rate of PVL toxin gene carriage in MSSA was high. The high rate of inducible MLS B resistance indicates the importance of performing routine D-tests. Overall, our results show the need of strengthening laboratory facilities to provide microbiological data for both directed therapy and surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emergence of methicillin resistance and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin positivity in hospital‐ and community‐acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Beira, Mozambique

Meeren

Millard

Scacchetti

et al. 2013

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Cambodia, like many other low-and middle-income countries, is still building up its microbiological diagnostic capacity; across the country, less than 15 microbiology laboratories are in function [8]. In these settings, even small-scale clinical laboratories, such as the one in our hospital, may play an important role as 'sentinel' for emerging pathogens and resistance patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are also endemic in Cambodia [5][6][7]. Nationwide surveillance of incidence and antibiotic resistance patterns is, however, largely lacking due to the country's very limited microbiology laboratory infrastructure [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A infections in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, January 2011 to August 2013

et al. 2013

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We report an increased number of Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A infections in adults in Cambodia. Between January 2011 and August 2013, 71 S. Paratyphi A isolates were recovered from blood cultures, representing a 44-fold increase compared to July 2007 to December 2010, while monthly numbers of cultures did not change. Infections with S. Typhi increased two-fold in the same period. Most cases came from the capital Phnom Penh. These findings warrant epidemiological investigation to support public health measures.

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“…Similar to many other low-and middle-income countries, Cambodia has only relatively recently begun to develop diagnostic microbiological facilities, and, as capacity expands, collaboration has led to sharing of AMR data, revision of clinical practice guidelines, and development of infection control policies (Vlieghe et al, 2013c). In addition, there have been early reports of retrospective and prospective AMR surveillance from nongovernmental hospitals (Fox-Lewis et al, 2018;Vlieghe et al, 2013b), and a handful of studies on animals and/or meat products (Lay et al, 2011;Nadimpalli et al, 2019a;Strom et al, 2018;Trongjit et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia: a review

Reed

Krang

Miliya

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Objectives: Following the launch of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates in many countries remain poorly described. This review provides an overview of published AMR data from Cambodia in the context of recently initiated national human and food-animal surveillance. Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for articles published from 2000 to 2018, which reported antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data for GLASS specific organisms isolated from Cambodia. Articles were screened using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. AST data was extracted, with medians and ranges of resistance rates calculated for specific bug-drug combinations. Results: Twenty-four papers were included for final analysis, with 20 describing isolates from human populations. Escherichia coli was the most commonly described organism, with median resistance rates from human isolates of 92.8% (n = 6 articles), 46.4% (n = 4), 55.4% (n = 8), and 46.4% (n = 5) to ampicillin, 3 rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and gentamicin respectively. Conclusions: Whilst resistance rates are high for several GLASS organisms, there were insufficient data to draw robust conclusions about the AMR situation in Cambodia. The recently implemented national AMR surveillance systems will begin to address this data gap.

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First National Workshop on Antibiotic Resistance in Cambodia: Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 16–18 November 2011

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Emergence of methicillin resistance and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin positivity in hospital‐ and community‐acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Beira, Mozambique

Emergence of methicillin resistance and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin positivity in hospital‐ and community‐acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Beira, Mozambique

Increase in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A infections in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, January 2011 to August 2013

Antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia: a review

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