First mussel settlement observed in Antarctica reveals the potential for future invasions

Cárdenas, Leyla; Leclerc, Jean‐Charles; Bruning, Paulina; Garrido, Ignacio; Détrée, Camille; Figueroa, A R Ricardo; Astorga, Marcela; Navarro, Jorge M.; Johnson, Ladd E.; Carlton, James T.; Pardo, Luis Miguel

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62340-0

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Antarctica has been described as the “final frontier for marine biological invasions” (McCarthy et al ., 2019, p. 2221), with formerly ice‐bound shores now available for colonization by poleward‐moving species. Invasions in Antarctica are being accelerated by new facilities and new forms of tourism accompanied by increased ship traffic, such that more alien species have already been observed (Huiskes et al ., 2014; McGeoch et al ., 2015; Cardenas et al ., 2020) and even more are predicted (Duffy et al ., 2017; Hughes et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Where Do We Stand? the State Of Biological Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

et al. 2020

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Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species – the subset of alien species that spread widely in areas where they are not native, affecting the environment or human livelihoods – are increasing. Synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and facilitating new ones, thereby escalating the extent and impacts of invaders. Invasions have complex and often immense long‐term direct and indirect impacts. In many cases, such impacts become apparent or problematic only when invaders are well established and have large ranges. Invasive alien species break down biogeographic realms, affect native species richness and abundance, increase the risk of native species extinction, affect the genetic composition of native populations, change native animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, and modify trophic networks. Many invasive alien species also change ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services by altering nutrient and contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes. These biodiversity and ecosystem impacts are accelerating and will increase further in the future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these strategies are often insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia and New Zealand, biosecurity has become a national priority. There have been long‐term successes, such as eradication of rats and cats on increasingly large islands and biological control of weeds across continental areas. However, in many countries, invasions receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial to reduce the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their biosecurity regulations to implement and enforce more effective management strategies that should also address other global changes that interact with invasions.

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Section: Where Do We Stand? the State Of Biological Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

et al. 2020

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“…The strength of these approaches has been illustrated by the recently discovered population of Mytlilus cf. platensis which settled in a shallow subtidal habitat of the South Shetland Islands (Cárdenas et al, 2020).…”

Section: Biological Drivers Non-indigenous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Drivers on Southern Ocean Ecosystems: Changing Physical Environments and Anthropogenic Pressures in an Earth System

et al. 2020

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The manuscript assesses the current and expected future global drivers of Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystems. Atmospheric ozone depletion over the Antarctic since the 1970s, has been a key driver, resulting in springtime cooling of the stratosphere and intensification of the polar vortex, increasing the frequency of positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This increases warm air-flow over the East Pacific sector (Western Antarctic Peninsula) and cold air flow over the West Pacific sector. SAM as well as El Niño Southern Oscillation events also affect the Amundsen Sea Low leading to either positive or negative sea ice anomalies in the west and east Pacific sectors, respectively. The strengthening of westerly winds is also linked to shoaling of deep warmer water onto the continental shelves, particularly in the East Pacific and Atlantic sectors. Air and ocean warming has led to changes in the cryosphere, with glacial and ice sheet melting in both sectors, opening up new ice free areas to biological productivity, but increasing seafloor disturbance by icebergs. The increased melting is correlated with a salinity decrease particularly in the surface 100 m. Such processes could increase the availability of iron, which is currently limiting primary production over much of the SO. Increasing CO2 is one of the most important SO anthropogenic drivers and is likely to affect marine ecosystems in the coming decades. While levels of many pollutants are lower than elsewhere, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and plastics have been detected in the SO, with concentrations likely enhanced by migratory species. With increased marine traffic and weakening of ocean barriers the risk of the establishment of non-indigenous species is increased. The continued recovery of the ozone hole creates uncertainty over the reversal in sea ice trends, especially in the light of the abrupt transition from record high to record low Antarctic sea ice extent since spring 2016. The current rate of change in physical and anthropogenic drivers is certain to impact the Marine Ecosystem Assessment of the Southern Ocean (MEASO) region in the near future and will have a wide range of impacts across the marine ecosystem.

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“…Contrary to the previously described hypothesis, faster growth, driven by moderate temperature increase, may help assemblages recover more quickly, and this might offset the negative impact of more scouring. If new non-indigenous species establish and spread, as reported recently 17 , spatial competition intensity and complexity could increase further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

1 °C warming increases spatial competition frequency and complexity in Antarctic marine macrofauna

et al. 2021

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Environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean around Antarctica have varied little for >5 million years but are now changing. Here, we investigated how warming affects competition for space. Little considered in the polar regions, this is a critical component of biodiversity response. Change in competition in response to environment forcing might be detectable earlier than individual species presence/absence or performance measures (e.g. growth). Examination of fauna on artificial substrata in Antarctica’s shallows at ambient or warmed temperature found that, mid-century predicted 1°C warming (throughout the year or just summer-only), increased the probability of individuals encountering spatial competition, as well as density and complexity of such interactions. 2°C, late century predicted warming, increased variance in the probability and density of competition, but overall, competition did not significantly differ from ambient (control) levels. In summary only 1°C warming increased probability, density and complexity of spatial competition, which seems to be summer-only driven.

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First mussel settlement observed in Antarctica reveals the potential for future invasions

Cited by 62 publications

References 47 publications

Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Global Drivers on Southern Ocean Ecosystems: Changing Physical Environments and Anthropogenic Pressures in an Earth System

1 °C warming increases spatial competition frequency and complexity in Antarctic marine macrofauna

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