First Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Cases of Gastric Anisakiosis in Spain

Roca-Geronès, Xavier; Alcover, M. Magdalena; Godínez-González, Carla; González-Moreno, Olga; Masachs, Miquel; Fisa, Roser; Montoliu, Isabel

doi:10.3390/genes11040452

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The potential risk represented by undercooked hake has recently been highlighted in a paper describing three cases of anisakiosis in Barcelona (Spain), after the consumption of fresh undercooked hake at home. During gastroscopy 12, 5, and 1 nematode larvae were detected in the three patients, removed, and later molecularly identified as A. simplex s.s. [17]. Furthermore, over 200 larvae were found in the stomach of another Spanish patient after the consumption of fried hake and fish ova [16].…”

Section: Revision Of Human Anisakiosis Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Portugal, like Spain, has one the highest rates of fish consumption in the world (56.8 kg per capita per year in 2017) [14]. Spanish people frequently consume undercooked seafood: the most common source of infection is traditionally marinated anchovies [15], but cases due to hake consumption have also been reported [16,17]. The Portuguese, on the contrary, are more accustomed to eating cooked fish [18] as the traditional diet does not include raw seafood dishes [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Data on the Occurrence of Anisakis spp. in European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Caught Off the Portuguese Coast and on Reports of Human Anisakiosis in Portugal

et al. 2022

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Parasitic nematodes of the genus Anisakis are among the most important biological hazards associated with seafood. A survey of Anisakis spp. in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) was undertaken as this species is a staple of the Portuguese diet. Moreover, a literature review of cases of anisakiosis reported from Portugal, a country with one of the highest levels of fish consumption in the world, was also carried out. Seventy-five European hake caught in the Atlantic Ocean off the northern coast of Portugal were analyzed to determine the infection levels and site distribution of Anisakis spp. Isolated nematode larvae were identified to species level by molecular analysis. Two sets of samples were collected. Firstly, a total of 46 Anisakis spp. L3 larvae were collected with a prevalence of 76.7% (95% CI 61.5–91.8%) and intensity (mean ± SD, range) of 2.0 ± 1.2 (1–5). Most larvae were found on the liver (45.7%) and on the gonads (32.6%), but none in the muscle. The molecular analysis showed the presence of both A. simplex s.s. (70%) and A. pegreffii (30%). For the second sample, analyzed using the UV-Press method, a total of 473 Anisakis spp. were found, with a prevalence of 95.6% (95% CI 89.5–100.0%), intensity (mean ± SD, range) of 11.3 ± 9.7 (1–41), density of 0.05 ± 0.04 (0–0.16) worms/muscle weight in g, and density of 0.54 ± 0.50 (0–2.53) worms/viscera weight in g. Surprisingly, only three very recent cases of human anisakiosis in Portugal have been reported in the literature. Data from this study contribute towards an updating of the existing epidemiological picture in an area characterized by very high seafood consumption and changing eating habits.

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Section: Revision Of Human Anisakiosis Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Data on the Occurrence of Anisakis spp. in European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Caught Off the Portuguese Coast and on Reports of Human Anisakiosis in Portugal

et al. 2022

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“…krabbei [ 110 ]. While the term “anisakiosis” refers to the pathology caused specifically by the species Anisakis simplex s.s. [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 20 , 52 , 89 ]. One of the peculiarities of A .…”

Section: Anisakiosis/anisakiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical symptoms are nonspecific and may present as epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention with intense pain and sometimes hypersensitivity reactions [ 13 ]. The development of molecular tests and genetic sequencing in the clinical field has allowed the correct identification of the different parasitic species related to clinical pictures, and that in turn allows understanding of the individually pathologies to which each of these genus are related [ 15 ]. On the other hand, the use of molecular tests has allowed the maintenance and/or discard of the parasitic genera that have been described morphologically, allowing clarification of which members really belong to the Anisakidae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genera and Species of the Anisakidae Family and Their Geographical Distribution

Ángeles-Hernández

Gómez-De-Anda

Rodríguez

et al. 2020

Animals

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Nematodes of the Anisakidae family have the ability to infest a wide variety of aquatic hosts during the development of their larval stages, mainly marine mammals, aquatic birds, such as pelicans, and freshwater fish, such crucian carp, these being the hosts where the life cycle is completed. The participation of intermediate hosts such as cephalopods, shrimp, crustaceans and marine fish, is an important part of this cycle. Due to morphological changes and updates to the genetic information of the different members of the family, the purpose of this review was to carry out a bibliographic search of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family identified by molecular tests, as well as the geographical area in which they were collected. The Anisakidae family is made up of eight different parasitic genera and 46 different species. Those of clinical importance to human health are highlighted: Anisakis pegreffi, A. simplexsensu stricto, Contracaecumosculatum, Pseudoterranova azarazi, P. cattani, P. decipiens and P. krabbei. The geographical distribution of these genera and species is located mainly in the European continent, Asia and South America, as well as in North and Central America and Australia. Based on the information collected from the Anisakidae family, it was determined that the geographical distribution is affected by different environmental factors, the host and the ability of the parasite itself to adapt. Its ability to adapt to the human organism has led to it being considered as a zoonotic agent. The disease in humans manifests nonspecifically, however the consumption of raw or semi-raw seafood is crucial information to link the presentation of the parasite with the disease. The use of morphological and molecular tests is of utmost importance for the correct diagnosis of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family.

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“…The use of molecular tools to identify pathogens causing infectious zoonotic diseases in humans at species level is of particular interest. The communication by Roca-Geronès and colleagues aimed to characterize the etiological agent of anisakiasis in Spain, where a high number of cases have been recorded in recent years, mainly after the consumption of traditional culinary preparations based on raw or marinated marine products, although no species-specific diagnosis supported by molecular tools has been documented in humans thus far [2]. In this study, three patients who had consumed undercooked hake reported epigastric pain, and larval nematodes removed endoscopically from their stomachs were identified at a molecular level as Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, using a combined approach based on enzymatic digestion of the ribosomal nuclear region ITS and sequencing of a partial region of the subunit α of the elongation factor gene.…”

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confidence: 99%