First Molecular Detection and Genetic Analysis of a Novel Porcine Circovirus (Porcine Circovirus 4) in Dogs in the World

Zhang, Liu-Hui; Wang, Tong-Xuan; Fu, Pengfei; Zhao, You-Yi; Li, Hongxuan; Wang, Dongmei; Ma, Shi-Jie; Hong-ying, Chen; Zheng, Lan-Lan

doi:10.1128/spectrum.04333-22

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The specific amino acid patterns reported by Xu et al included PCV4a (239 V in Rep, 27S, 28R and 212 L in Cap), PCV4b (239 L for Rep, 27 S, 28 G and 212 L for Cap) and PCV4c (239 V for Rep, 27 N, 28 R and 212 M for Cap). Nevertheless, in the phylogenetic tree, two strains (KU-02010 and KU-02011) belong to PCV4c, but at amino acid position 27 of Cap is S instead of N. Two strains (PCV4-PY and JXSC-2021) belong to PCV4a, but at amino acid position 212 of Cap is P instead of L. These results differ from previous studies ( Xu et al, 2022b ; Zhang et al, 2023 ), indicating the proposed classification of genotypes were not suitable. Similar to what initially occurred with PCV-2 and now occurs with PCV3 ( Segalés et al, 2008 ; Franzo et al, 2020b ), no consensus was reached and different research groups proposed independent classification criteria and protocols, leading to some confusion among veterinarians and researchers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…The multiple sequence alignment showed SCGA-Cat shared 98.2–99.0% whole genome nucleotide identity with 60 reference strains. The hosts of these reference strains include pigs, dogs, foxes and dairy cows ( Wang et al, 2022 ; Wu et al, 2022 ; Xu et al, 2022b ; Zhang et al, 2023 ), and the reference sequences were collected from different provinces of China and Korea from 2012 to 2022. In terms of geographic distribution, host and time, PCV-4 has high similarity (98.2–99.0%) among the available sequences, indicating a low variability of PCV4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is crucial to give more attention to the cross-species transmission of PCVs. Since the discovery of PCV4, its genome has been identified in several non-pig animals, including dairy cattle, dogs, wild boars and fur animals ( Wang et al, 2022 ; Wu et al, 2022 ; Xu et al, 2022b ; Zhang et al, 2023 ). However, it is unclear whether other species (including cats) are involved in the spread of PCV4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report on identification and genomic analysis of a novel porcine circovirus (porcine circovirus 4) in cats

Xu,

Deng,

Jian

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is an emerging circovirus, which has been detected in domestic pigs across various provinces in China and Korea. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether cats are susceptible to PCV4. For this purpose, we collected 116 cat samples from animal hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, between 2021 and 2022. Using a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay, we detected PCV4 in 5 out of the 116 clinical samples, indicating a positive rate of 4.31% (5/116) and confirming the presence of PCV4 in cats from Sichuan Province, China. Moreover, we successfully sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of one PCV4 strain (SCGA-Cat) along with 60 reference sequences deposited in the GenBank database. SCGA-Cat exhibited high nucleotide homology (98.2–99.0%) with PCV4 strains from other species, including dogs, pigs, dairy cows, and fur animals. Notably, the SCGA-Cat strain from cats clustered closely with a PCV4 strain derived from a pig collected in Fujian Province, China. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the molecular detection of PCV4 in cats worldwide, which prompted us to understand the genetic diversity and cross-species transmission of the ongoing PCV4 cases. However, further investigations are needed to explore the association between PCV4 infection and clinical syndromes in cats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report on identification and genomic analysis of a novel porcine circovirus (porcine circovirus 4) in cats

Xu,

Deng,

Jian

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…However, two PCV4 reference strains (KU-02010 and KU-02011) from Korea, as well as one reference strain (PCV4-PY) from Henan Province, China, were classified as PCV4a in the phylogenetic tree, yet their Cap protein’s 212th position contained M and P, respectively, instead of L. This indicated that the marker positions suggested by Xu et al might not be universally applicable. GS2022-BY and GS2022-LZ also contained the essential elements for the replication of circoviruses in pig-origin PCV4 strains predicted by Nguyen et al [ 34 ], such as the origin of DNA replication, endonuclease and helicase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 in the Gansu Province of China

Fu,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Since its initial discovery in the Hunan province of China, genomic DNA of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) has been detected in pigs across multiple provinces in China, as well as in South Korea. However, the prevalence of porcine circovirus type 4 in Gansu Province, China, remains unknown. To address this gap, we undertook an extensive study where we gathered 121 clinical samples displaying diverse clinical manifestations from pig farms in Gansu Province between 2022 and 2023. Employing a real-time fluorescence quantification method, we identified the presence of PCV4 genome. Out of the 121 clinical samples analyzed, 13 samples tested positive for PCV4, resulting in a positive rate of 10.74% (13/121). This finding confirms the presence of PCV4 in pig farms within Gansu Province, China. Furthermore, we successfully sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of two distinct PCV4 strains, comparing them with 60 reference sequences archived in the GenBank database. The results revealed a high nucleotide homology (98.2–98.8%) between the strains obtained in this study and the PCV4 reference strains, indicating a relatively low evolutionary rate of the PCV4 genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two strains in this study belong to PCV4a and PCV4c. As far as we know, this study marks the inaugural report on the molecular identification and genomic attributes of PCV4 in Gansu Province, China, offering valuable insights for devising preventive and control strategies against this emerging virus.

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“…Recently, PCV4 has been widely spreading in China and other countries, and the infection rate has been increasing year by year [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Currently, no effective treatment or commercial vaccine is available in the domestic and foreign markets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nuclear Localization Signal of Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Affects the Subcellular Localization of the Virus Capsid and the Production of Virus-like Particles

Zheng,

Li,

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is a newly identified virus belonging to PCV of the Circoviridae family, the Circovirus genus. We previously found that PCV4 is pathogenic in vitro, while the virus’s replication in cells is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the N-terminal of the PCV4 capsid (Cap) and identified an NLS at amino acid residues 4–37 of the N-terminus of the PCV4 Cap, 4RSRYSRRRRNRRNQRRRGLWPRASRRRYRWRRKN37. The NLS was further divided into two fragments (NLS-A and NLS-B) based on the predicted structure, including two α-helixes, which were located at 4RSRYSRRRRNRRNQRR19 and 24PRASRRRYRWRRK36, respectively. Further studies showed that the NLS, especially the first α-helixes formed by the NLS-A fragment, determined the nuclear localization of the Cap protein, and the amino acid 4RSRY7 in the NLS of the PCV4 Cap was the critical motif affecting the VLP packaging. These results will provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the infection mechanism of PCV4 and developing subunit vaccines based on VLPs.

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First Molecular Detection and Genetic Analysis of a Novel Porcine Circovirus (Porcine Circovirus 4) in Dogs in the World

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

First report on identification and genomic analysis of a novel porcine circovirus (porcine circovirus 4) in cats

First report on identification and genomic analysis of a novel porcine circovirus (porcine circovirus 4) in cats

First molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 in the Gansu Province of China

The Nuclear Localization Signal of Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Affects the Subcellular Localization of the Virus Capsid and the Production of Virus-like Particles

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