First metatarsal trabecular bone structure in extant hominoids and Swartkrans hominins

Komza, Klara; Skinner, Matthew M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.003

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(253 reference statements)

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“…As suggested by previous research, Plio-Pleistocene hominins practiced different forms of terrestrial bipedality (e.g., Stern, 2000;Ward, 2002Ward, , 2013Lovejoy et al, 2009;Haile-Selassie et al, 2012;Barak et al, 2013;DeSilva et al, 2012DeSilva et al, , 2013Harcourt-Smith, 2016;Ruff et al, 2016Ruff et al, , 2018Zeininger et al, 2016), likely implying slightly different gait kinematics (Komza and Skinner, 2019). Evidence for some variations between A. africanus and Paranthropus has been provided by the study of the trabecular architecture of the hip bone (Macchiarelli et al, 1999) and of the talus (Su and Carlson, 2017), while no textural differences have been found between the two taxa at the femoral head (Ryan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus

Cazenave

Braga

Oettlé

et al. 2019

Journal of Human Evolution

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Studies of the australopith (Australopithecus and Paranthropus) proximal femur have increasingly integrated information from the local arrangement of the cortical and cancellous bone to allow functional-biomechanical inferences on the locomotor behavioral patterns. In Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus, the cancellous bone organization at the center of the femoral head shows principal strut orientation similar to that of fossil and recent humans, which indicates that australopiths were human-like in many aspects of their bipedalism. However, by combining outer morphology with superoinferior asymmetry in cortical bone thickness at the base of neck and mid-neck, it has been suggested that, while adapted for terrestrial bipedality, australopiths displayed a slightly altered gait kinematics compared to Homo. We used techniques of 2D and 3D virtual imaging applied to an X-ray microtomographic record to assess cortical bone distribution along the entire femoral neck compartment in four upper femora from Swartkrans, South Africa (SK 82, SK 97, SK 3121, and SWT1/LB-2) and compared the results to the extant human and chimpanzee conditions. Our results support and extend previous evidence for more symmetric superior and inferior femoral neck cortical thicknesses in P. robustus than in modern humans and show that the differences are even greater than previously reported. However, P. robustus and humans still share a trend of lateral-to-medial decrease in asymmetry of the superior/inferior cortical thickness ratio, while this pattern is reversed in chimpanzees. We also identified two features uniquely characterizing P. robustus: an accentuated contrast between the relatively thicker anterior and the thinner posterior walls, and a more marked lateral-to-medial thinning of both cortices compared to extant humans and chimpanzees, which indicate wider interspecific differences among hominids in structural organization of the proximal femur than previously 3 reported. It remains to be ascertained if, and to what extent, these features also characterize the femoral neck of Australopithecus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus

Cazenave

Braga

Oettlé

et al. 2019

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…When comparing differences in Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp across our study sample, results were similar to those of previous studies of different skeletal elements; Pan had high Tb.N and low Tb.Th and Tb.Sp, Gorilla showed the inverse, while Homo and Pongo were intermediate for all of these measures (Georgiou et al, 2019 ; Georgiou et al, 2018 ; Kivell et al, 2018 ; Komza & Skinner, 2019 ; Ragni, 2020 ; Ryan & Shaw, 2015 ; Scherf et al, 2013 ; Schilling et al, 2014 ). The consistent pattern within these parameters may represent systemic, rather than strongly functionally adaptive features of bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As functional adaptation research aims to identify markers of behavior rather than body size, analyzing bone parameters for allometric effects has been integral to interspecific analyses (Ruff, 1984 ). Decades of research across various species has yet to find consistent patterns; however, some research suggests there may be a general pattern across mammals and birds whereby bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) and degree of anisotropy (DA) are independent of body mass (Barak et al, 2013 ; Christen et al, 2015 ; Cotter et al, 2009 ; Doube et al, 2011 ; Kivell et al, 2018 ; Komza & Skinner, 2019 ; Schilling et al, 2014 ; Tsegai et al, 2017 ) while trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) scale with negative allometry (Barak et al, 2013 ; Kivell et al, 2018 ; Ragni, 2020 ; Ryan & Shaw, 2013 ). Cortical thickness (Ct.Th) is often reported to be isometric or slightly positively allometric (Demes et al, 2000 ; Fajardo et al, 2013 ; Runestad, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortical thickness (Ct.Th) is often reported to be isometric or slightly positively allometric (Demes et al, 2000 ; Fajardo et al, 2013 ; Runestad, 1997 ). However, not all studies find BV/TV and DA to be independent of body mass (for example Fajardo et al, 2013 ; Mielke et al, 2018 ; Ragni, 2020 ; Ryan & Shaw, 2013 ) nor the negative relationship with Tb.Th, Tb.N and Tb.Sp (for example Doube et al, 2011 ; Fajardo et al, 2013 ; Komza & Skinner, 2019 ; Tsegai et al, 2017 ) Few allometric studies have been undertaken on short bones. Tsegai et al ( 2017 ) found no correlation between trabecular parameters or Ct.Th with size in intraspecific analyses of the Homo and Pan talus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical and trabecular bone structure of the hominoid capitate

2021

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“…Certain aspects of foot morphological variation, such as that in the talus and metatarsals, have been heavily scrutinized (e.g., Boyer, Yapuncich, Butler, Dunn, & Seiffert, 2015; Kanamoto, Ogihara, & Nakatsukasa, 2011; Komza & Skinner, 2019; Latimer, Ohman, & Lovejoy, 1987; Susman & Brain, 1988). Latimer et al (1987), for example, found that gorillas, chimpanzees, and modern humans possess different apical angles of the talar trochlea, which they argued to be related to locomotor behavior and the ability to medially and laterally rotate the foot during plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gorilla calcaneal morphological variation and ecological divergence

Harper

Ruff

Sylvester

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The primate foot has been extensively investigated because of its role in weight-bearing; however, the calcaneus has been relatively understudied. Here we examine entire gorilla calcaneal external shape to understand its relationship with locomotor behavior. Materials and methods: Calcanei of Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n = 43), Gorilla beringei graueri (n = 20), and Gorilla beringei beringei (n = 15) were surface or micro-CT scanned. External shape was analyzed through a three-dimensional geometric morphometric sliding semilandmark analysis. Semilandmarks were slid relative to an updated Procrustes average in order to minimize the bending energy of the thin plate spline interpolation function. Shape variation was summarized using principal components analysis of shape coordinates. Procrustes distances between taxa averages were calculated and resampling statistics run to test pairwise differences. Linear measures were collected and regressed against estimated body mass. Results: All three taxa exhibit statistically different morphologies (p < .001 for pairwise comparisons). G. g. gorilla demonstrates an anteroposteriorly elongated calcaneus with a deeper cuboid pivot region and mediolaterally flatter posterior talar facet. G. b. beringei possesses the flattest cuboid and most medially-angled posterior talar facets. G. b. graueri demonstrates intermediate articular facet morphology, a medially-angled tuberosity, and an elongated peroneal trochlea. Discussion: Articular facet differences separate gorillas along a locomotor gradient. G. g. gorilla is adapted for arboreality with greater joint mobility, while G. b. beringei is adapted for more stereotypical loads associated with terrestriality. G. b. graueri's unique posterolateral morphology may be due to a secondary transition to greater arboreality from a more terrestrial ancestor.

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First metatarsal trabecular bone structure in extant hominoids and Swartkrans hominins

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 12 publications

References 162 publications

Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus

Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus

Cortical and trabecular bone structure of the hominoid capitate

Gorilla calcaneal morphological variation and ecological divergence

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