First-Line Drug Resistance Patterns of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Complex Isolates from Re-Treatment Patients from Sudan

Adam, Muatsim Ahmed Mohammed; Ali, Hamdan Mustafa Hamdan; Khalil, Eltahir Awad Gasim

doi:10.4236/jtr.2016.43012

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Notified TB cases have remained relatively constant in Sudan over the past decade, within the range 19 817 to 22 097 (7). However, the prevalence of multi-drug resistant TB, as reported by Sudan's national TB programme in 2012, was 19.0% in re-treatment cases and 1.8% in new cases (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of an educational intervention on awareness of various aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with the disease

Yousif¹,

Maki²,

Babikir³

et al. 2021

East Mediterr Health J.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide. Raising awareness of various aspects of the disease among patients who have TB is important to help in control and prevention. Aims: This was a quasi-experimental study, pre-and post-test, designed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on awareness among patients with pulmonary TB. Methods: A structured questionnaire covering various facts about pulmonary TB was used in the pre-intervention phase for 150 TB patients who were being followed-up in a major hospital in Sudan (r = 0.80). The same questionnaire was reused after the patients underwent an educational awareness programme. Results: There were more males (74%) than females. Mean age was 36.5 years. Most patients (86.6%) had some education, however, their knowledge about aspects of TB was generally poor prior to the intervention. This included the nature of the causative organism, modes of transmission and measures needed for the control and prevention. Post-intervention, there was significant improvement in all aspects of knowledge tested (P < 0.007). Conclusion: Although the diagnosis of TB in the participants was confirmed and they were on 1 / 9 WHO EMRO | The effect of an educational intervention on awareness of various aspects of pulmonary tub regular clinical follow-up, their knowledge about various aspects of TB was poor prior to the educational intervention. There is a need for more effort towards raising awareness among patients with TB about their disease while on treatment. This is important to help control and prevent the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of an educational intervention on awareness of various aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with the disease

Yousif¹,

Maki²,

Babikir³

et al. 2021

East Mediterr Health J.

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“…An epidemiologic study that was conducted in three primary TB management units in Khartoum reported 5% and 24% resistance among new and previously treated cases, respectively [19] . In addition, the prevalence of MDR-TB was noted to be 19% among previously treated TB patients and 1.8% among new cases, according to the 2012 Sudan National TB program (NTP) report [20]. However, higher rates were seen in a study that was carried out in north-eastern Sudan at 6% among new cases [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sudan

et al. 2019

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health threat and burden on the health system. This is especially the case in high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries, such as Sudan. Consequently, this study aimed to ascertain the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan to provide future guidance. An unmatched case-control study to assess the predictors of MDR-TB infections among the Sudanese population was conducted from August 2017 to January 2018 at Abu-Anga referral hospital. Patients’ data was gathered from patients’ cards and via interviews. A structured pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather pertinent information, which included sociodemographic characteristics and other relevant clinical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of MDR-TB infection. 76 of the 183 patients interviewed (41.5%) had MDR-TB cases. The independent predictors for MDR-TB were living in rural areas [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–8.2)], treatment failure [aOR = 56.9 (10.2–319.2)], and smoking [(aOR = 4 (1.2–13.2)], whereas other sociodemographic factors did not predict MDR-TB. In conclusion, the study showed that a history of smoking, living in rural areas, and a previous treatment failure were the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan. The latter factors are most likely due to issues that are related to access and adherence to treatment and lifestyle. The existence of any of these factors among newly diagnosed TB patients should alert clinicians for the screening of MDR-TB. The implementation of directly observed treatment (DOT) and health education are crucial in stopping the spread of MDR-TB in Sudan.

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“…Sudan has a low health expenditure (6.2% of GDP) and has an estimated TB incident rate of 117 per 100,000 individuals [13]. Notified TB cases have remained relatively constant over the past decade, within the range of 19,817 to 22,097.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Sudan has a low human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, which was reported to be 0.3% as of 2015. However, the prevalence of MDR TB, as reported by Sudan’s National TB programme (NTP) in 2012, was 19% in re-treatment cases and 1.8% in new cases [13]. Another study in north-eastern Sudan reported an MDR prevalence of 6% among new TB cases [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict and tuberculosis in Sudan: a 10-year review of the National Tuberculosis Programme, 2004-2014

Hassanain¹,

Edwards

Venables

et al. 2018

Confl Health

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BackgroundSudan is a fragile developing country, with a low expenditure on health. It has been subjected to ongoing conflicts ever since 1956, with the Darfur crisis peaking in 2004. The conflict, in combination with the weak infrastructure, can lead to poor access to healthcare. Hence, this can cause an increased risk of infection, greater morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis (TB), especially amongst the poor, displaced and refugee populations. This study will be the first to describe TB case notifications, characteristics and outcomes over a ten-year period in Darfur in comparison with the non-conflict Eastern zones within Sudan.MethodsA cross-sectional review of the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) data from 2004 to 2014 comparing the Darfur conflict zone with the non-conflict eastern zone.ResultsNew case notifications were 52% lower in the conflict zone (21,131) compared to the non-conflict zone (43,826). Smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) in the conflict zone constituted 63% of all notified cases, compared to the non-conflict zone of 32% (p < 0.001). Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) predominated the TB notified cases in the non-conflict zone, comprising 35% of the new cases versus 9% in the conflict zone (p < 0.001). The loss to follow up (LTFU) was high in both zones (7% conflict vs 10% non-conflict, p < 0.001) with a higher rate among re-treatment cases (12%) in the conflict zone. Average treatment success rates of smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB), over ten years, were low (65-66%) in both zones. TB mortality among re-treatment cases was higher in the conflict zone (8%) compared to the non-conflict zone (6%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionA low TB case notification was found in the conflict zone from 2004 to 2014. High loss to follow up and falling treatment success rates were found in both conflict and non-conflict zones, which represents a significant public health risk. Further analysis of the TB response and surveillance system in both zones is needed to confirm the factors associated with the poor outcomes. Using context-sensitive measures and simplified pathways with an emphasis on displaced persons may increase access and case notification in conflict zones, which can help avoid a loss to follow up in both zones.

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First-Line Drug Resistance Patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Complex Isolates from Re-Treatment Patients from Sudan

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of an educational intervention on awareness of various aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with the disease

The effect of an educational intervention on awareness of various aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with the disease

Predictors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sudan

Conflict and tuberculosis in Sudan: a 10-year review of the National Tuberculosis Programme, 2004-2014

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