First Known Human Death After Infection With the Avian Influenza A/H3N8 Virus: Guangdong Province, China, March 2023

Zhuang, Yuehong; Wang, Man; Liang, Lijun; Mao, Yongjiang; Wang, Kaibin; Yang, Shuhuan; Deng, Aiping; Zeng, Kaiyang; Zhang, Yingtao; Zhang, Guanting; Kang, Min; Li, Baisheng; Zhang, Meng; Ye, S.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciad462

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In 2022, a novel reassortant avian influenza A(H3N8) virus was first documented in humans and has been reported in three people to date, all in China (Cheng et al, 2022;Zhuang et al, 2023). A(H3N8) virus generated from one of the human isolates was able to replicate in both mice and ferrets and weight loss was observed.…”

Section: A(h3n8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024

Fusaro,

Gonzales,

Kuiken

et al. 2024

EFS2

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Between 2 December 2023 and 15 March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (227) and wild (414) birds across 26 countries in Europe. Compared to previous years, although still widespread, the overall number of HPAI virus detections in birds was significantly lower, among other reasons, possibly due to some level of flock immunity in previously affected wild bird species, resulting in reduced contamination of the environment, and a different composition of circulating A(H5N1) genotypes. Most HPAI outbreaks reported in poultry were primary outbreaks following the introduction of the virus by wild birds. Outside Europe, the majority of outbreaks in poultry were still clustered in North America, while the spread of A(H5) to more naïve wild bird populations on mainland Antarctica is of particular concern. For mammals, A(H5N5) was reported for the first time in Europe, while goat kids in the United States of America represented the first natural A(H5N1) infection in ruminants. Since the last report and as of 12 March 2024, five human avian influenza A(H5N1) infections, including one death, three of which were clade 2.3.2.1c viruses, have been reported by Cambodia. China has reported two human infections, including one fatal case, with avian influenza A(H5N6), four human infections with avian influenza A(H9N2) and one fatal case with co-infection of seasonal influenza A(H3N2) and avian influenza A(H10N5). The latter case was the first documented human infection with avian influenza A(H10N5). Human infections with avian influenza remain rare and no sustained human-to-human infection has been observed. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian H5 influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general population in the EU/EEA. The risk of infection remains low to moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals.

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Section: A(h3n8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024

Fusaro,

Gonzales,

Kuiken

et al. 2024

EFS2

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“…Influenza viruses of the H3 subtype can infect a variety of hosts, such as humans, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, seals, monkeys and birds including poultry and wild birds [ 6 ]. There have been three human cases of H3N8 subtype AIV infection in China since 2022, resulting in one death [ 7 , 8 ]. These cases, although sporadic, demonstrate that this subtype of AIV can be transmitted to mammalian hosts through an interspecific barrier and have raised concerns whether H3N8 AIVs will become a future major public health threat [ 9 ].…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza viruses with increased pathogenicity in chickens in 2023

Mao,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…She presented with pyrexia, sore throat and a cough. The patient developed myelosuppression and pneumonia and, despite intensive treatment, died following acute heart failure 22 days after the onset of illness (Zhuang et al, 2023). Human-to-human transmission has not been reported and all three cases were considered sporadic spill-over events.…”

Section: Human A(h3n8) Cases Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The A(H3N8) virus causing infections in humans (Cheng et al, 2022;Tan et al, 2022;Zhuang et al, 2023) is believed to have resulted from reassortment between avian H3 and N8 viruses present in ducks and A(H9N2) virus endemic in poultry in China (Chen et al, 2023;Yang et al, 2023). Avian influenza A(H3N8) viruses were isolated from clinically healthy poultry in China (Chen et al, 2023;Cui et al, 2023), suggesting asymptomatic circulation in poultry populations.…”

Section: A(h3n8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview September–December 2023

Adlhoch,

Fusaro,

Gonzales

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Between 2 September and 1 December 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (88) and wild (175) birds across 23 countries in Europe. Compared to previous years, the increase in the number of HPAI virus detections in waterfowl has been delayed, possibly due to a later start of the autumn migration of several wild bird species. Common cranes were the most frequently affected species during this reporting period with mortality events being described in several European countries. Most HPAI outbreaks reported in poultry were primary outbreaks following the introduction of the virus by wild birds, with the exception of Hungary, where two clusters involving secondary spread occurred. HPAI viruses identified in Europe belonged to eleven different genotypes, seven of which were new. With regard to mammals, the serological survey conducted in all fur farms in Finland revealed 29 additional serologically positive farms during this reporting period. Wild mammals continued to be affected mostly in the Americas, from where further spread into wild birds and mammals in the Antarctic region was described for the first time. Since the last report and as of 1 December 2023, three fatal and one severe human A(H5N1) infection with clade 2.3.2.1c viruses have been reported by Cambodia, and one A(H9N2) infection was reported from China. No human infections related to the avian influenza detections in animals in fur farms in Finland have been reported, and human infections with avian influenza remain a rare event. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian H5 influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general population in the EU/EEA. The risk of infection remains low to moderate for occupationally or otherwise exposed people to infected birds or mammals (wild or domesticated); this assessment covers different situations that depend on the level of exposure.

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First Known Human Death After Infection With the Avian Influenza A/H3N8 Virus: Guangdong Province, China, March 2023

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024

Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024

Emergence of novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza viruses with increased pathogenicity in chickens in 2023

Avian influenza overview September–December 2023

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