First Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Haemaphysalis longicornis Ticks Collected in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Outbreak Areas in the Republic of Korea

Yun, Seok‐Min; Song, Bong Gu; Choi, Wooyoung; Roh, Jong Yul; Lee, Ye Ji; Park, Won Il; Han, Myung Guk; Ju, Young Ran; Lee, Won Ja

doi:10.1089/vbz.2015.1832

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…SFTS virus has previously been reported in ticks belonging into 3 genera and 4 species (H. longicornis, H. flava, Amblyomma testudinarium, and Ix. nipponensis) [32]. Recently, SFTS virus was detected in all developmental stages (eggs, adults, nymphs, and larvae) of H. longicornis ticks in China [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, SFTS virus was detected in all developmental stages (eggs, adults, nymphs, and larvae) of H. longicornis ticks in China [33]. H. longicornis is the most dominant species of hard ticks in Korea, and almost all tick-borne diseases in Korea are known to originate from H. longicornis [25,32,34,35]. In addition, SFTS virus has also been isolated from A. testudinarium and Ix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea

Kim-Jeon¹,

Jegal²,

Jun³

et al. 2019

Korean J Parasitol

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The seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was monitored with a collection trap method every April to November during 2015-2018 and with a flagging method every July and August during 2015-2018 in Ganghwa-do (island) of Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. This monitoring was performed in a copse, a short grass field, coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest. A total of 17,457 ticks (8,277 larvae, 4,137 nymphs, 3,389 females, and 1,654 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) were collected with collection traps. Of the identified ticks, H. longicornis was the most frequently collected ticks (except larval ticks) (94.26%, 8,653/9,180 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (5.71%, 524/9,180) and Ix. nipponensis (less than 0.04%, 3/9,180). The ticks collected with collecting traps were pooled and assayed for the presence of SFTS virus with negative results. In addition, for monitoring the prevalence of hard ticks, a total of 7,461 ticks (5,529 larvae, 1,272 nymphs, 469 females, and 191 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (H. longicornis, H. flava, and Ix. nipponensis) were collected with flagging method. H. longicornis was the highest collected ticks (except larval ticks) (99.53%, 1,908/1,917 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (1.15%, 22/1,917).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea

Kim-Jeon¹,

Jegal²,

Jun³

et al. 2019

Korean J Parasitol

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“…The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne emerging pathogen, causing high fever and drastic loss of leukocytes and platelets and multiorgan failure with high mortality in severe patients (12). There have been over 3000 cases reported in China since 2009 (13), and the virus has also been isolated recently in Japan and Korea and from patients and ticks (14,15). SFTSV possesses a genome with three ssRNA segments of negative sense, L, M, and S. Whereas the L segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and M encodes two envelope proteins, Gn and Gc, the S segment, is an ambisense RNA with two opposite open reading frames encoding a nucleoprotein (NP) and a nonstructural protein (NSs) (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Suppression of the IFN-α and -β Induction through Sequestering IRF7 into Viral Inclusion Bodies by Nonstructural Protein NSs in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection

Bai

et al. 2019

The Journal of Immunology

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Induction of type I IFNs during viral infection is crucial for host defense. IRF 3 and IRF7 play a critical role as key transcription factors in the activation of the IFN induction. Viruses have evolved a variety of strategies to evade innate immunity. Our previous studies have shown that the nonstructural protein (NSs) of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) can suppress the IFN-β induction through its interaction with tank-binding kinase-1 and sequestering the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase(IKK) complex into the inclusion bodies formed by NSs. In this study, we characterized the unique function of IRF7 in innate immunity and its role in inducing IFN-α in particular, regulated by NSs during the SFTSV infection in several cell types of human origin. Whereas IRF3 is constitutively expressed, IRF7 was significantly induced differentially in various cell types in response to SFTSV infection, promoted the induction of IFN-α2 and -α4, and further induced IFN-β, thus contributing to suppressing the viral replication. Our data indicate that NSs directly interacted with and sequestered IRF7 into the inclusion bodies, which is different from IRF3 indirectly interacting with NSs. Although interaction of NSs with IRF7 did not inhibit IRF7 phosphorylation, p-IRF7 was trapped in the inclusion bodies, resulting in a significant reduction of the IFN-α2 and -α4 induction and therefore enhanced viral replication. Interaction of the viral NSs with both IRF7 and IRF3 and subsequent sequestration of these transcription factors into viral inclusion bodies, a unique strategy used by this phlebovirus, may ensure effective evasion and suppression of host innate immunity.

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“…In an earlier study from Korea, SFTS viral surveillance of collected ixodid ticks was successfully completed using RNA purification with a Viral Gene‐spin RNA extraction kit (iNtRON Biotechnology, Korea), one‐step or nested PCR, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis (Yun et al . 2016a, b). In China, a similar approach involving RNA extraction with an AllPrep RNA mini kit (Qiagen) and qRT‐PCR was used to confirm the low prevalence of SFTS virus in H. longicornis ticks (Luo et al .…”

Section: Tick‐borne Encephalitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick‐borne viruses: Current trends in large‐scale viral surveillance

Park

Kim

et al. 2020

Entomological Research

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Ticks are ectoparasites that transmit pathogens, such as tick‐borne viruses, to their hosts. Tick‐borne viruses are diverse: they can be categorized into two orders, nine families, and at least 12 genera. Almost 25% of these viruses are infectious to humans and some are a serious threat to public health. The global rise in tick‐borne virus diseases has been linked to climate change which has reduced tick mortality in the winter and extended their active period. The spread of tick‐borne viral diseases to humans has received significant interest due to the increased threat to human life; epidemiological monitoring of tick‐borne viruses using molecular, immunological, and environmental methods is now a priority. Nevertheless, many tick‐borne diseases remain undiagnosed, which poses a challenge to public administration and health care officials. This review discusses three major tick‐borne RNA viruses that cause serious infection in humans: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. Specifically, we discuss the epidemiological monitoring, vector control measures, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and environmental determinants related to these viruses. Furthermore, we review the current surveillance of these tick‐borne viruses with a specific focus on diagnostic approaches that employ molecular interventions such as viral nucleic acid isolation, PCR‐based diagnostics, and high‐throughput sequencing technologies.

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First Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Haemaphysalis longicornis Ticks Collected in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Outbreak Areas in the Republic of Korea

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea

Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea

Suppression of the IFN-α and -β Induction through Sequestering IRF7 into Viral Inclusion Bodies by Nonstructural Protein NSs in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection

Tick‐borne viruses: Current trends in large‐scale viral surveillance

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