First isolation of HTLV-III

Gallo, Robert C.; Sarin, Prem S.; Kramarsky, Bernhard; Salahuddin, Z; Pd, Markham; Popovič, Mikuláš

doi:10.1038/321119a0

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Twelve days after Montagnier had made this presentation Gallo wrote 'I have never seen the virus that Luc Montagnier described and I suspect that he might have a mixture of two ' (Gallo, 1983), and in further publications throughout 1983-1984 maintained the involvement of HTLV-1 in AIDS. Subsequently Gallo's group reported on the 'First isolation of HTLV-III', stating that they 'had evidence for the presence of a new retrovirus in AIDS and ARC [AIDS-related complex] patients long before the LAV particles were sent to us and even before the publication of the results by Barre-Sinoussi et al in 1983' (Gallo et al, 1986. Subsequent research established that the different AIDS virus nucleic acid sequences are extremely polymorphic, making it feasible to identify unequivocally the precise origin of different HIV isolates.…”

Section: Aids : a New Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Karpas¹

2004

Biological Reviews

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The study of retroviruses has had a profound impact by unveiling an unusual form of viral replication: the multiplication of RNA viruses via a proviral DNA, for which Jan Svoboda provided the experimental model over forty years ago. In 1970 Temin, Mizutani and Baltimore discovered that this group of viruses contains a unique enzyme catalysing the synthesis of a DNA copy of the viral RNA: reverse transcriptase (RT). The discovery of RT has itself had an enormous impact on molecular biology in general, but also stimulated many premature claims of its detection in human disease. Claims by Gallo's laboratory that the cytoplasm of human leukaemia cells contained RT proved to be unfounded, as did his report in collaboration with Weiss that myeloid leukaemia contained HL23 virus, this organism proving not to be human but a laboratory contaminant of three monkey viruses. Conclusive demonstration of a retroviral involvement in human leukaemia was first provided in 1981 by Hinuma and his associates, showing that adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL), a rare form of leukaemia endemic to south-west Japan, is caused by a new retrovirus (ATLV). Other publications in December 1980 and through 1981 claimed the discovery of a new human T-cell leukaemia virus involved in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary's syndrome (SS). This virus was termed HTLV by Gallo. The nucleotide sequence of ATLV is strongly conserved, that of my 1983 isolate from a black British ATL patient being practically identical with the Japanese virus isolates. After AIDS was recognised in 1981 by Gottlieb and coworkers as a new human disease, several papers were published by Gallo and his associates during 1983-4, invoking the oncovirus responsible for adult T-cell leukaemia as the cause of AIDS. In 1983 the French scientist Barré-Sinoussi and her colleagues succeeded in isolating a new agent in the disease, a lentivirus, which they named LAV. The French immunologist Klatzmann and his colleagues discovered that LAV killed CD4+ T-cells, furnishing an explanation for the pathogenesis of AIDS and providing a mechanism for how AIDS developed. For some time Gallo continued to suggest leukaemia virus involvement, claiming that his independent isolate of the AIDS virus, termed HTLV-III, was closely related to HTLV-I (the Japanese ATLV). Although this created considerable confusion among researchers for a period, the relationship was eventually disproved. Unlike ATLV, whose nucleic acid sequence is very stable, the AIDS virus (now termed HIV by international agreement) is extraordinarily unstable, the sequences of independent HIV isolates being quite unique: this made it possible to establish conclusively that both HTLV-III and another independent isolate CBL-1, from Weiss' laboratory, were actually LAV isolates from the French laboratory. It has been shown by Hayami and his associates that only African primates are infected with similar lentiviruses to HIV which explains why AIDS started in Africa. Further research has clarified the origin of HIV-1 to be a chimpanzee lentivirus ...

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Section: Aids : a New Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Karpas¹

2004

Biological Reviews

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“…Nonetheless, the scientific misconduct is said not to “negate the central findings of the [1984 Science ] paper” 13,14 . In other words, despite the above findings, at present, it is still accepted, as Gallo and his colleagues concluded, “The results presented in our four papers provided clearcut evidence that the aetiology of AIDS and ARC was the new lymphotrophic retrovirus, HTLV‐III” 15 [ARC = AIDS related complex]. Although the findings of the Gallo investigation are of considerable importance, in what follows, with few exceptions, we will consider that there were no “differences between what was described in the paper and what was done”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Has Gallo proven the role of HIV in AIDS?

Papadopulos-Eleopulos

Turner

Papadimitriou

1993

Emergency Medicine

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“…The following virus isolates were obtained through the AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, AIDS (14,48), HTLVIIIRF/H9 (40,51), and HTLVIIINIT/CR10 (3) from Dr. D. J. Volsky; and HTLVIIICC/H9 (15) from Dr. R. C. Gallo. The following virus isolates were kindly provided by Dr. J.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Development, and Interpretation of HIV Neutralization Assays

Whalley¹,

Nguyen²,

Morrow³

1991

Viral Immunology

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In developing therapeutic reagents for the control of HIV infection, it is necessary to screen candidate products in vitro for their ability to reduce or neutralize viral infection. Although the current literature describes numerous neutralization assays, no universally accepted standards have been adopted. In this article, we briefly review the available neutralization assays and describe in detail the methods we have selected in our laboratory for the screening and characterization of reagents with potential anti-HIV properties. After evaluating many different technical protocols and experimental procedures, we have found the syncytium inhibition and syncytial focus assays to be particularly useful and have found p24 gag antigen production to be an excellent objective measure of HIV infection under a variety of conditions. These assays proved reproducible and sensitive and are suitable for use in the majority of laboratories.

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First isolation of HTLV-III

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Has Gallo proven the role of HIV in AIDS?

Design, Development, and Interpretation of HIV Neutralization Assays

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