First insights into human mobility in Neolithic Belgium using strontium isotopic analysis and proteomics: A case study of Grotte de La Faucille (Sclayn, province of Namur)

Abstract

Objectives So far, no 87Sr/86Sr mobility studies have been done for Neolithic remains from Belgium and information on the Sr isotopic variability in the region is scarce. This study aims to explore mobility in a Final Neolithic population from the funerary cave ‘Grotte de La Faucille’, contribute to the understanding of the isotopic composition of bioavailable Sr in Belgium, assess evidence for male mobility using proteomic analysis, and explore possible places of origin for nonlocal individuals. Materials and Methods The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of dental enamel from six adults and six juveniles was determined. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry‐based protein analysis was employed to identify individuals of male biological sex. 87Sr/86Sr of micromammal teeth, snail shells, and modern plants from three geological areas in Belgium were measured to establish isotopic signatures for bioavailable strontium. Nonlocality was assessed by comparing human 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios to the 87Sr/86Sr range for bioavailable Sr. Results Four individuals yielded 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios consistent with a nonlocal origin. No statistical differences were found between adults and juveniles. Three males were detected in the sample set, of which two show nonlocal 87Sr/86Sr values. Discussion This study provides evidence for mobility in Final Neolithic Belgium. The four nonlocal 87Sr/86Sr signatures correspond with the 87Sr/86Sr of bio‐available Sr in Dutch South Limburg, the Black Forest in Southwest Germany, and regions of France, such as parts of the Paris Basin and the Vosges. The results support the ruling hypothesis of connections with Northern France, brought to light by archeological research.