First Insight Into the Fluoroquinolone and Aminoglycoside Resistance of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia

Varghese, Bright; Al‐Hajoj, Sahal

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0579

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous reports indicated the A1401G in rrs effectively identify the phenotypic resistance to KAN, AMK and CAP (Malinga et al, 2016; Varghese and Al-Hajoj, 2017). In our study, 36.5, 63.2, and 50.0% of sensitivities with an A1401G mutation in rrs were resistant to KAN, AMK, and CAP, respectively (Supplementary Tables S6–S8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation and Transmission Profiles of Second-Line Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis From Hebei Province, China

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is involved in ineffective treatment of TB, especially multidrug resistant/extensively resistant TB (MDR/XDR-TB), leading to acquired resistance and transmission of drug-resistant strains. Second-line drugs (SLD), including both fluoroquinolones and injectable drugs, were commonly proved to be the effective drugs for treatment of drug-resistant TB. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SLD-resistant strains and its specific mutations in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates, and to acknowledge the transmission pattern of SLD resistance strains in Hebei. The genes gyrA , gyrB , rrs , eis promoter and tlyA of 257 drug-resistant clinical isolates were sequenced to identify mutations that could be responsible for resistance against fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs. Each isolate was genotyped by Spoligotyping and 15-loci MIRU-VNTR. Our results indicated that 48.2% isolates were resistant to at least one of five SLD. Of them, 37.7% isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 24.5% isolates were resistant to second-line injectable drugs. Mutations in genes gyrA , gyrB , rrs , eis promoter and tlyA were detected in 73 (75.3%), 7 (7.2%), 24 (38.1%), 5 (7.9%), and 3 (4.8%) isolates, respectively. The most prevalent mutations were the D94G (23.7%) in gyrA gene and the A1401G (33.3%) in rrs gene. A combination of gyrA , rrs and eis promoter can act as a valuable predicator for predicting XDR phenotype. These results highlight the development of rapid diagnosis are the effective manners for the control of SLD-TB or XDR-TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation and Transmission Profiles of Second-Line Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis From Hebei Province, China

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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“…It is evident that KSA is facing a considerable challenge of TB resistance, and new challenges are emerging with cases of fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistances. The presence of a pan-resistant situation is alarming and signals the appearance of XDR-TB in near future [ 98 ]. The TB cases in 2014 from Middle Eastern countries stood at 58,252 with the majority of reports from Turkey with a 22% share.…”

Section: Tuberculosis In Ksamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

Saati

Khurram

Faidah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Tuberculosis is a global health challenge due to its spreading potential. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces a challenge in the spread of tuberculosis from migrant workers, but the foremost threat is the huge number of pilgrims who travel to visit sacred sites of the Islamic world located in the holy cities of Makkah and Al Madina. Pilgrims visit throughout the year but especially in the months of Ramadan and Zul-Hijah. The rise of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an established global phenomenon that makes such large congregations likely hotspots in the dissemination and spread of disease at a global level. Although very stringent and effective measures exist, the threat remains due to the ever-changing dynamics of this highly pathogenic disease. This overview primarily highlights the current public health challenges posed by this disease to the Saudi health system, which needs to be highlighted not only to the concerned authorities of KSA, but also to the concerned global quarters since the pilgrims and migrants come from all parts of the world with a majority coming from high tuberculosis-burdened countries.

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Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

Borgio

Rasdan

Sonbol

et al. 2021

Biology

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We aimed to identify the prevalence and emerging status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi and their associated mortality in nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Original research articles and case studies regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula, published during the last 10 years, were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. A total of 382 studies were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the PRISMA guidelines, from a thorough screening of 1705 articles, in order to analyse the emerging status and mortality. The emerging nature of >120 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring and immediate preventive measures. More than 50% (n = 453) of multidrug-resistant, microbe-associated mortality (n = 871) in the Arabian Peninsula was due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, a 16.51% mortality was reported among MDR-infected patients in the Arabian Peninsula from the 382 articles of this registered systematic review. MDR A. baumannii (5600 isolates) prevailed in all the nine countries of the Arabian Peninsula and was one of the fastest emerging MDR bacteria with the highest mortality (n = 210). A total of 13,087 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were reported in the region. Candida auris (580 strains) is the most prevalent among the MDR fungal pathogen in the Arabian Peninsula, having caused 54 mortalities. Active surveillance, constant monitoring, the development of a candidate vaccine, an early diagnosis of MDR infection, the elimination of multidrug resistance modulators and uninterrupted preventive measures with enhanced data sharing are mandatory to control MDR infection and associated diseases of the Arabian Peninsula. Accurate and rapid detection methods are needed to differentiate MDR strain from other strains of the species. This review summarises the logical relation, prevalence, emerging status and associated mortality of MDR microbes in the Arabian Peninsula.

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First Insight Into the Fluoroquinolone and Aminoglycoside Resistance of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Mutation and Transmission Profiles of Second-Line Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis From Hebei Province, China

Mutation and Transmission Profiles of Second-Line Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis From Hebei Province, China

A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

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