First Impressions of Personality Traits From Body Shapes

Hu, Ying; Parde, Connor J.; Hill, Matthew Q.; Mahmood, Naureen; O'Toole, Alice J.

doi:10.1177/0956797618799300

Cited by 60 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Regarding the stimuli that we used, while the design of Studies 4–6 anticipate possible confounds between weight and physical attractiveness (as highlighted by Nickson et al [79]), future research will be needed that more clearly disentangles the degree to which perceived differences in strength might have influenced participant ratings. The stimulus-set that we used in Studies 4–6 does follow the conventional depictions of under-, normal-, and over-weight developed by Singh [73,74] and clearly controls for height; however, it is plausible that more varied stimuli (e.g., with different body shapes such as the 3-D images explored by Hu et al [88]) could generate different patterns of ratings. Indeed, this is sensible in light of the fact that there remain substantial gaps in how the relationships between height and weight are understood [62] along with our own expectation that the positive relationship that we find in Studies 4–6 between height and perceived persuasiveness must eventually have an upper limit after which the relationship would be curvilinear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Big men” in the office: The gender-specific influence of weight upon persuasiveness

2019

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Height has been closely studied as a factor that influences myriad measures of leadership; however, the potential influence of weight on socially beneficial traits has been neglected. Using the anthropological concept of “big men” who relied on influence to lead their communities, we examine the role of weight upon persuasiveness. We present the results of six studies that suggest a tendency for raters to expect larger body mass to correspond with more persuasiveness among men. In the sixth, pre-registered study, we find evidence that fits the hypothesis that weight among men is positively associated with perceived persuasiveness. While the “big man” leadership concept is based on studies of pre-industrial societies where weight embodied status, our findings suggest an evolved bias to favor moderately big men–with respect to perceived persuasiveness–even in environments where there is no reason to interpret over-consumption of food and conservation of energy as a signal of wealth. Our studies contribute novel perspectives on the relevance of weight as an understudied dimension of “big” and offer an important qualification informed by evolutionary perspectives for the stigmatizing effects of relatively large body mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Big men” in the office: The gender-specific influence of weight upon persuasiveness

2019

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“…Humans do not make decisions in isolation of other factors [45]. Without conscious awareness, people incorporate irrelevant information into a variety of decisions such as first impressions, personality trait judgments, and jury decisions [21,29,90,91]. Even when provided identical information, the context, a person's biases, and the way in which information is presented influences decisions [4,15,17,23,36,43,68,94].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Principles of Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Phillips¹,

Hahn²,

Fontana³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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All comments will be made public and are subject to release under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Additional information on submitting comments can be found at https://www.nist.gov/topics/artificial-intelligence/ai-foundational-research-explainability. Trademark Information All trademarks and registered trademarks belong to their respective organizations. Call for Patent Claims This public review includes a call for information on essential patent claims (claims whose use would be required for compliance with the guidance or requirements in this Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) draft publication). Such guidance and/or requirements may be directly stated in this ITL Publication or by reference to another publication. This call also includes disclosure, where known, of the existence of pending U.S. or foreign patent applications relating to this ITL draft publication and of any relevant unexpired U.S. or foreign patents. ITL may require from the patent holder, or a party authorized to make assurances on its behalf, in written or electronic form, either: a) assurance in the form of a general disclaimer to the effect that such party does not hold and does not currently intend holding any essential patent claim(s); or b) assurance that a license to such essential patent claim(s) will be made available to applicants desiring to utilize the license for the purpose of complying with the guidance or requirements in this ITL draft publication either: i. under reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination; or ii. without compensation and under reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination. Such assurance shall indicate that the patent holder (or third party authorized to make assurances on its behalf) will include in any documents transferring ownership of patents subject to the assurance, provisions sufficient to ensure that the commitments in the assurance are binding on the transferee, and that the transferee will similarly include appropriate provisions in the event of future transfers with the goal of binding each successor-in-interest. The assurance shall also indicate that it is intended to be binding on successors-ininterest regardless of whether such provisions are included in the relevant transfer documents.

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“…For example, Aviezer, Trope, & Todorov, 2012a demonstrated that body context plays an important role in differentiating between positive and negative extreme emotions, and other studies have shown that faces and bodies are processed holistically when judging emotions (for example Aviezer, Trope, & Todorov, 2012b;Meeren, van Heijnsbergen, & de Gelder, 2005;Van den Stock, Righart, & de Gelder, 2007). Using advanced modeling tools, recently body shape features such as weight or having a rectangular/pear shaped body, have been shown to predict body-based personality trait inferences as well (Hu, Parde, Hill, Mahmood, & O'Toole, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent contributions of the face, body, and gait to the representation of the whole person

Simhi

Yovel

2020

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Most studies on person perception have primarily investigated static images of faces. However, real-life person perception involves also the body and often the gait of the whole person. Whereas some studies indicated that the face dominates the representation of the whole person, others have emphasized the additional contribution of the body and gait. Here, we compared models of whole person perception by asking whether a model that includes the body for static whole person stimuli and also the gait for dynamic whole person stimuli accounts better for the representation of the whole person than a model that takes into account the face alone. Participants rated the distinctiveness of static or dynamic displays of different people based on either the whole person, face, body, or gait. By fitting a linear regression model to the representation of the whole person based on the face, body and gait, we revealed that the face and body contribute uniquely and independently to the representation of the static whole person, 2 and that gait further contributes to the representation of the dynamic person. A complementary analysis examined if these components are also valid dimensions of a whole person representational space. This analysis further confirmed that the body in addition to the face, as well as the gait are valid dimensions of the static and dynamic whole person representations, respectively. These data clearly show that whole person perception goes beyond the face and is significantly influenced by the body and gait.

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First Impressions of Personality Traits From Body Shapes

Cited by 60 publications

References 36 publications

“Big men” in the office: The gender-specific influence of weight upon persuasiveness

“Big men” in the office: The gender-specific influence of weight upon persuasiveness

Four Principles of Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Independent contributions of the face, body, and gait to the representation of the whole person

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