First implementation of TES bolometer arrays with SQUID-based multiplexed readout on a balloon-borne platform

Aubin, F.; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Baccigalupi, C.; Bao, Chaoyun; Borrill, J.; Cantalupo, C. M.; Chapman, David; Didier, Joy; Dobbs, M.; Grainger, William F.; Hanany, Shaul; Hubmayr, Johannes; Hyland, P.; Hillbrand, Seth; Jaffe, A. H.; Johnson, Bradley R.; Jones, T. J.; Kisner, T. S.; Klein, Jeff; Korotkov, Andrei; Leach, S.; Lee, Adrian V.; Limon, M.; MacDermid, Kevin; Matsumura, Tomotake; Meng, Xiaofan; Miller, Amber; Milligan, Michael; Polsgrove, Daniel; Raach, Kate; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt; Sagiv, Ilan; Smecher, G.; Tran, Hung V.; Tucker, Gregory S.; Vinokurov, Yury; Yadav, Amit; Zaldarriaga, Matías; Zilic, Kyle

doi:10.1117/12.857596

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…More complex interactions include aligning the sampling instants of multiple dfmux boards within a crate. Where it is feasible, these operations are performed directly from userspace to hardware by memory-mapping the peripheral directly [Corbet et al 2005] and without involving oversight from the kernel. This results in a very short kernel module that implements the mmap system call.…”

Section: Logic-to-software Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We augment each C function with macros that permit the library to be self-describing. For example, the following code is expanded using the tuber method macro to emit an ordinary C function, a second C wrapper that accepts and validates arguments in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) [Crockford 2006] form, and a meta-data structure that describes the call's purpose, arguments, their defaults, and return type: tuber _ method(Dfmux, VOID, set _ mezz _ power, "Set mezzanine power. ", 2, ( / * 2 arguments, described below * / (INTEGER, m, NULL, "Which mezzanine?…”

Section: Interface Librarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copyright 20XX ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX ...$10.00. quency-domain Multiplexer (dfmux), is actively being used in high-impact observational cosmology experiments including EBEX [Aubin et al 2010], PolarBear [Lee et al 2008], and at the South Pole Telescope [McMahon et al 2009]. These instruments are making observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation with unprecedented precision, unlocking new information about the origin, growth, and ultimate fate of the universe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An automatic control interface for network-accessible embedded instruments

et al. 2012

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We describe a metaprogrammed control interface and support library for network-accessible embedded systems. Together, this project permits functions written in standard C code to be exposed via a network interface expressed in JSON. In turn, this JSON interface mates with a Python library that provides a high-level, user-friendly, and expressive development environment.This control interface removes the need to explicitly code interactions at the Python and network layers. As a result, the volume of error-prone and redundant hand-written code (e.g. for error-checking and validation) is vastly reduced.

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Section: Logic-to-software Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interface Librarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An automatic control interface for network-accessible embedded instruments

et al. 2012

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“…The limited cooling power of the sub-Kelvin cryogenic focal plane dictates that only a limited number of wires can traverse the heat gap between the various cold stages. The ICE system, customized for the DfMux readout system for TES detectors, is being commissioned now for deployment on several third generation CMB polarization experiments including SPT-3G (Benson et al, 2014, ∼15,000 TES detectors), POLARBEAR2 (Matsumura et al, 2014, ∼7,500 TES detectors) Aubin et al, 2010). This earlier system provided a multiplexing factor of up to 16 detectors per pair of wires.…”

Section: Multiplexed Bolometer Readout: Cosmic Microwave Background Ementioning

confidence: 99%

ICE: A Scalable, Low-Cost FPGA-Based Telescope Signal Processing and Networking System

Bandura

Bender

Cliche

et al. 2016

J. Astron. Instrum.

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Received (to be inserted by publisher); Revised (to be inserted by publisher); Accepted (to be inserted by publisher);We present an overview of the 'ICE' hardware and software framework that implements large arrays of interconnected field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based data acquisition, signal processing and networking nodes economically. The system was conceived for application to radio, millimeter and sub-millimeter telescope readout systems that have requirements beyond typical off-the-shelf processing systems, such as careful control of interference signals produced by the digital electronics, and clocking of all elements in the system from a single precise observatory-derived oscillator. A new generation of telescopes operating at these frequency bands and designed with a vastly increased emphasis on digital signal processing to support their detector multiplexing technology or high-bandwidth correlators-data rates exceeding a terabyte per second-are becoming common. The ICE system is built around a custom FPGA motherboard that makes use of an Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA and ARMbased co-processor. The system is specialized for specific applications through software, firmware, and custom mezzanine daughter boards that interface to the FPGA through the industry-standard FPGA mezzanine card (FMC) specifications. For high density applications, the motherboards are packaged in 16-slot crates with ICE backplanes that implement a low-cost passive full-mesh network between the motherboards in a crate, allow high bandwidth interconnection between crates, and enable data offload to a computer cluster. A Python-based control software library automatically detects and operates the hardware in the array. Examples of specific telescope applications of the ICE framework are presented, namely the frequency-multiplexed bolometer readout systems used for the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Simons Array and the digitizer, F-engine, and networking engine for the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) and Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX) radio interferometers.

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“…Several other publications give additional details about the EBEX experiment. Some are from earlier stages of the program (Oxley et al 2004;Grainger et al 2008;Aubin et al 2010;Milligan et al 2010;Reichborn-Kjennerud et al 2010;Klein et al 2011;Sagiv et al 2012;Westbrook et al 2012), and others discuss some subsystems in more detail (Polsgrove 2009; Reichborn-Kjennerud 2010; Sagiv 2011; Aubin 2012;MacDermid 2014;MacDermid et al 2014;Westbrook 2014;Zilic 2014;Chapman 2015;Chapman et al 2015;Didier et al 2015;Aubin et al 2016;Didier 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software

Aboobaker

Ade

Araujo

et al. 2018

ApJS

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The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement a kilopixel array of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometric detectors and the first CMB experiment to use the digital version of the frequency domain multiplexing system for readout of the TES array. The scan strategy relied on 40s peak-to-peak constant-velocity azimuthal scans. We discuss the unique demands on the design and operation of the payload that resulted from these new technologies and the scan strategy. We describe the solutions implemented, including the development of a power system designed to provide a total of at least 2.3kW, a cooling system to dissipate 590W consumed by the detectors' readout system, software to manage and handle the data of the kilopixel array, and specialized attitude reconstruction software. We present flight performance data showing faultless management of the TES array, adequate powering and cooling of the readout electronics, and constraint of attitude reconstruction errors such that the spurious B-modes they induced were less than 10% of the CMB B-mode power spectrum with r=0.05.

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First implementation of TES bolometer arrays with SQUID-based multiplexed readout on a balloon-borne platform

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

An automatic control interface for network-accessible embedded instruments

An automatic control interface for network-accessible embedded instruments

ICE: A Scalable, Low-Cost FPGA-Based Telescope Signal Processing and Networking System

The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software

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