First Haploid Genetic Map Based on Microsatellite Markers in Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858)

Abstract

The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) is a flatfish species of great value for aquaculture. In this study, we develop the first linkage map in this species based on microsatellite markers characterized from genomic DNA libraries and EST databases of Senegalese sole and from other flatfish species. Three reference gynogenetic families were obtained by chromosome-manipulation techniques: two haploid gynogenetics, used to assign and order microsatellites to linkage groups and another diploid gynogenetic family, used for estimating marker-centromere distances. The consensus map consists of 129 microsatellites distributed in 27 linkage groups (LG), with an average density of 4.7 markers per LG and comprising 1,004 centimorgans (cM). Additionally, 15 markers remained unlinked. Through half-tetrad analysis, we were able to estimate the centromere distance for 81 markers belonging to 24 LG, representing an average of 3 markers per LG. Comparative mapping was performed between flatfish species LG and model fish species chromosomes (stickleback, Tetraodon, medaka, fugu and zebrafish). The usefulness of microsatellite markers and the genetic map as tools for comparative mapping and evolution studies is discussed.

Chromosomal manipulation in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858): induction of triploidy and gynogenesis

“…Thus, the diploid gynogenetic individuals can be used as broodstocks in species where the female is the homogametic sex, in order to produce all-female populations. Additionally, being highly homozygotic, they are useful in other genetic and genomic applications for producing cloned fish lines (Thorgaard et al 2002) or in developing genetic maps to calculate the distance of the markers to the centromere by half tetrad analyses, for example in flatfishes such as turbot (Martínez et al 2008), halibut (Reid et al 2007), tongue solea (Ji et al 2009), and Senegalese sole (Molina-Luzón et al 2014). In the same sense, although they are not viable, the haploid gynogenetic embryos are used to estimate the distance between molecular markers in these types of studies in turbot (Bouza et al 2007(Bouza et al , 2012 and Senegalese sole (Molina-Luzón et al 2014).…”

“…In fact, using both types of offspring produced here, our group is developing the first linkage map for Senegalese sole (Molina-Luzón et al 2014). Such maps are essential, for example, for the development of molecularassisted breeding programs, and have been used in other flatfish species such as turbot (Bouza et al 2007).…”

Evidence for a Robertsonian fusion in Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) revealed by zoo-FISH and comparative genome analysis

“…The elaboration of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library on S. senegalensis has allowed single copy genes to be localized [ 18 ] and enabled the cytogenetic map to be integrated with the physical map obtained by BAC-sequencing [ 11 , 19 , 20 ]. Other achievements reported in S. senegalensis include the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome [ 21 ], construction of a BAC library [ 19 ], a genetic linkage map [ 22 ] and the transcriptome [ 23 ].…”

Construction of a high-density genetic map and mapping of a sex-linked locus for the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae) based on large scale marker development by specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing

“…Genetic linkage maps have been extensively constructed and applied in land plants, animals and marine animals [ 14 – 16 ]. In contrast, much fewer genetic maps have ever been reported in macroalgae, so far only in S. japonica , Ectocarpus siliculosus and Porphyra haitanensis to our knowledge [ 13 , 17 – 20 ].…”