First genetic evidence of Coxiella burnetii in cases presenting with acute febrile illness, India

Kumar, Sanjay; Gangoliya, Shefali Raj; Alam, Syed Imteyaz; Patil, Satish S.; Ajantha, Ganavalli Subramanya; Kulkarni, Raghavendra; Kamboj, Dev Vrat

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000448

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In similar studies conducted in other countries; molecular prevalence of C . burnetii in acute febrile patients were 0.4% in Senegal [15], 4.5% in India [16] and 14.1% in Poland [17]. The low molecular prevalence of acute Q fever in febrile cases in our study compared to other studies may be due to a number of factors, such as differences in geographical location and climate.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Genetic evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in acute febrile illnesses in Iran

et al. 2019

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Mounting evidence suggests that Q-fever is more prevalent in Iran than originally believed. However, in most parts of the country, clinicians do not pay enough attention to Q fever in their differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in suspected cases of acute Q fever in north-western Iran using molecular techniques. Febrile patients were enrolled in the study and investigated for C . burnetii infection. Sera samples were tested using real-time PCR for detection of IS1111 gene, and positive samples were confirmed with nested PCR. Nine patients (4.2%) out of 216 suspected cases were positive for C . burnetii . Weakness and fatigue, headache, and lethargy were the most prevalent clinical symptoms in acute Q fever patients. According to the results of this study and other reports of human cases in Iran, the diagnosis system of Q fever in Iran should be urgently revamped.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Genetic evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in acute febrile illnesses in Iran

et al. 2019

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“…In Darjeeling, another Indian district near Bhutan, a 2005 study reported an overall incidence of STG at 34 cases/100,000 population/pa, varying from 2 cases/100,000 population in July to 20/100,000 population in September and decreasing to zero in December [ 19 ]. Q fever has been under-reported from India and recent data are lacking [ 20 ]. A Chinse study reports an overall Q fever prevalence of 10% and highlights it as an under-reported and underdiagnosed illness [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of rickettsial infections and Q fever in Bhutan

et al. 2017

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BackgroundWith few studies conducted to date, very little is known about the epidemiology of rickettsioses in Bhutan. Due to two previous outbreaks and increasing clinical cases, scrub typhus is better recognized than other rickettsial infections and Q fever.MethodologyA descriptive cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted from January to March 2015 in eight districts of Bhutan. Participants were 864 healthy individuals from an urban (30%) and a rural (70%) sampling unit in each of the eight districts. Serum samples were tested by microimmunofluorescence assay for rickettsial antibodies at the Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory.ResultsOf the 864 participants, 345 (39.9%) were males and the mean age of participants was 41.1 (range 13–98) years. An overall seroprevalence of 49% against rickettsioses was detected. Seroprevalence was highest against scrub typhus group (STG) (22.6%) followed by spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia (15.7%), Q fever (QF) (6.9%) and typhus group (TG) rickettsia (3.5%). Evidence of exposure to multiple agents was also noted; the commonest being dual exposure to STG and SFG at 5%. A person’s likelihood of exposure to STG and SFG rickettsia significantly increased with age and farmers were twice as likely to have evidence of STG exposure as other occupations. Trongsa district appeared to be a hotspot for STG exposure while Punakha district had the lowest STG exposure risk. Zhemgang had the lowest exposure risk to SFG rickettsia compared to other districts. People living at altitudes above 2000 meters were relatively protected from STG infections but this was not observed for SFG, TG or QF exposure.ConclusionThis seroprevalence study highlights the endemicity of STG and SFG rickettsia in Bhutan. The high seroprevalence warrants appropriate public health interventions, such as diagnostic improvements and clinical treatment guidelines. Future studies should focus on vector profiles, geospatial, bio-social and environmental risk assessment and preventive and control strategies.

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“…However, to the best of our knowledge, high‐risk occupational groups viz ., slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians, animal owners need to be evaluated. Additionally, studies have indicated Coxiella as one of the major etiological agents responsible for spontaneous abortions (Vaidya et al ., 2008) and endocarditis (Balakrishnan et al ., 2008) along with acute febrile illness (Kumar et al ., 2017) and pneumonia (Gangoliya et al ., 2016). However, to the best of our knowledge, there exists a dearth in the reported studies of Q fever among humans from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and the Maldives.…”

Section: Coxiellosis In Indian Subcontinentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives on the occurrence of Q fever: highlighting the need for systematic surveillance for a neglected zoonotic disease in Indian subcontinent

Sahu

Rawool

Dhaka

et al. 2020

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary Coxiellosis or Q fever is an important global occupational zoonotic disease caused by one of the most contagious bacterial pathogens – Coxiella burnetii, which ranks one among the 13 global priority zoonoses. The detection of C. burnetii infection is exhibiting an increasing trend in high‐risk personnel around the globe. It has increasingly been detected from foods of animal origin (including bulk milk, eggs, and meat) as well as tick vectors in many parts of the world. Coxiellosis is reported to be an important public health threat causing spontaneous abortions in humans and potential reproductive failure, which would result in production losses among livestock. Further, comprehensive coverage of the reports and trends of Q fever in developing countries, where this infection is supposed to be widely prevalent appears scarce. Also, the pathogen remains grossly neglected and underreported. Moreover, policymakers and funding agencies do not view it as a priority problem, especially in the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Maldives. Here, we review the occurrence and epidemiology of the disease in a global context with special emphasis on its status in the Indian subcontinent.

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First genetic evidence of Coxiella burnetii in cases presenting with acute febrile illness, India

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Genetic evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in acute febrile illnesses in Iran

Genetic evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in acute febrile illnesses in Iran

Seroprevalence of rickettsial infections and Q fever in Bhutan

Current perspectives on the occurrence of Q fever: highlighting the need for systematic surveillance for a neglected zoonotic disease in Indian subcontinent

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