First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus from diarrheic dogs in Zambia

Kapiya, James; Nalubamba, King S.; Kaimoyo, Evans; Changula, Katendi; Chidumayo, Nozyechi Ngulube; Saasa, Ngonda; Simuunza, Martin; Takada, Ayato; Mweene, Aaron S.; Chitanga, Simbarashe; Simulundu, Edgar

doi:10.1007/s00705-018-4068-3

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…During years, CPV spread and evolution have been well documented in North and South America, Europe and Asia (Miranda & Thompson, ; Zhou, Zeng, Zhang, & Li, ). More recently, data about its spread were also obtained from Australia and Africa (Amrani et al, ; Castanheira et al, ; Chollom et al, ; Dogonyaro et al, ; Figuiredo et al, ; Folitse et al, ; Kapiya et al, ; Touhiri et al, ; Woolford et al, ). Most of these studies were based on the partial or complete VP2 gene sequence, due to the involvement of the VP2 capsid protein in host switch and to its fast evolutionary rate (Hueffer et al, ; Nelson, Palermo, Hafenstein, & Parrish, ; Shackelton, Parrish, Truyen, & Holmes, ), with limited information on other CPV encoding gene sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the African continent, CPV has been described in South Africa and Namibia (Dogonyaro, Bosman, Sibeko, Venter, & Vuuren, ; Steinel, Venter, Van Vuuren, Parrish, & Truyen, ), Zambia (Kapiya et al, ), Mozambique (Figuiredo et al, ), Ghana (Folitse et al, ), Morocco (Amrani et al, ), Cape Verde (Costanheira et al, ), Nigeria (Chollom et al, ) and Tunisia (Touhiri et al, ). In Nigeria, only recently the molecular analyses based on the partial VP2 gene sequence of CPV strains described the circulating CPV variants (Apaa, Daly, & Tarlinton, ; Dogonyaro et al, ; Fagbohun & Omobowale, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nearly full‐length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria

Ogbu

Mira

Purpari

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) emerged suddenly in the late 1970s as pathogen of dogs, causing a severe and often fatal gastroenteric disease. The original CPV‐2 was replaced by three antigenic variants, CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c, which to date have gained a worldwide distribution with different relative proportions. All previous studies conducted in Africa were based on partial VP2 gene sequences. The aim of this study was to provide a genome analysis to characterize the CPV strains collected in Nigeria, Africa. Rectal swab samples (n = 320) were collected in 2018 and tested by means of an immunochromatographic assay. Among the 144 positive samples, 59 were selected for further analyses using different molecular assays. The results revealed a high prevalence of CPV‐2c (91.5%) compared to the CPV‐2a variant (8.5%). The VP2 gene sequences showed a divergence from the strains analysed in 2010 in Nigeria and a closer connection with CPV strains of Asian origin. The non‐structural gene analysis evidenced amino acid changes never previously reported. The molecular analysis based on genomic sequences evidenced a geographical pattern of distribution of the analysed strains, suggesting a potential common evolutionary origin with CPV of Asian origin. This study represents the first CPV molecular characterization including all the encoding gene sequences conducted in the African continent and contributes to define the current geographical spread of the CPV variants worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearly full‐length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria

Ogbu

Mira

Purpari

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…It spread briskly across Europe [19,20], America [17,21], Asia [22,23] and Australia [24]. Field studies showed that CPV-2c is becoming the predominant variant affecting the dog population worldwide [25][26][27]. The major antigenic difference between CPV-2 variants is a key amino acid at residue 426 in epitope A of the Viral Protein 2 (VP2).…”

Section: Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Challenges in Canine Parvovirus 2c in Vaccine Failure Cases

Yip

Peaston

Woolford

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In this study, three different diagnostic tests for parvovirus were compared with vaccination status and parvovirus genotype in suspected canine parvovirus cases. Faecal samples from vaccinated (N17) and unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status (N41) dogs that had clinical signs of parvovirus infection were tested using three different assays of antigen tests, conventional and quantitative PCR tests. The genotype of each sample was determined by sequencing. In addition to the suspected parvovirus samples, 21 faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs were tested in three diagnostic tests to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. The antigen test was positive in 41.2% of vaccinated dogs and 73.2% of unvaccinated diseased dogs. Conventional PCR and qPCR were positive for canine parvovirus (CPV) in 82.4% of vaccinated dogs and 92.7% of unvaccinated dogs. CPV type-2c (CPV-2c) was detected in 82.75% of dogs (12 vaccinated and 36 unvaccinated dogs), CPV-2b was detected in 5.17% dogs (one vaccinated and two unvaccinated) and CPV-2a in 1.72% vaccinated dog. Mean Ct values in qPCR for vaccinated dogs were higher than the unvaccinated dogs (p = 0.049), suggesting that vaccinated dogs shed less virus, even in clinical forms of CPV. CPV-2c was the dominant subtype infecting dogs in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Faecal antigen testing failed to identify a substantial proportion of CPV-2c infected dogs, likely due to low sensitivity. The faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs (n = 21) showed negative results in all three tests. Negative CPV faecal antigen results should be viewed with caution until they are confirmed by molecular methods.

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“…Intriguingly, the study found that while all three variants of CPV were co-circulating in the country, the highest predominance was of CPV-2c, which was detected in 91.3% of the CPV-positive samples. This study reported the prevalence of the CPV-2c variant of the virus for the first time in sub-Saharan Africa [84].…”

Section: Zambiamentioning

confidence: 86%

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.

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First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus from diarrheic dogs in Zambia

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Nearly full‐length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria

Nearly full‐length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria

Diagnostic Challenges in Canine Parvovirus 2c in Vaccine Failure Cases

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

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