First footprints occurrence from the Muschelkalk detritical unit of the Catalan Basin: 3D analyses and palaeoichnological implications

First xiphosuran traceway in the middle Muschelkalk facies (Middle Triassic) of the Catalan Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula)

“…In recent years, the fossil record from the Muschelkalk facies of the Catalan Basin and other Iberian basins has been enhanced, particularly due to the discovery of tetrapod footprints (Gand et al, 2010;Fortuny et al, 2011;Mujal et al, 2015Mujal et al, , 2018bBerrocal-Casero et al, 2018). The Penya Rubí ichnosite, where the studied traceway was recovered, is not an exception and several tetrapod footprints have been also recovered here.…”

“…The present study analyses the first record of a xiphosuran traceway from the middle Muschelkalk of the Iberian Peninsula. From this unit of the Catalan Basin different ichnoassociations of tetrapod trace fossils have been reported so far (Mujal et al, 2015(Mujal et al, , 2018b. Thus, the newly discovered traceway adds relevant data on the palaeodiversity of these ecosystems.…”

“…This is the reason why the continental environments dominated in the Catalan Basin (but not in other Iberian basins), and the upper Anisian and lower Ladinian are characterised by the predominance of distal alluvial, coastal and shallow marine successions (Escudero-Mozo et al, 2015;Ortí et al, 2018). Herein, the studied outcrop corresponds to the middle Muschekalk facies, dated as late Anisian-middle Ladinian based on palynological and biostratigraphic analysis (Solé de Porta et al, 1987;Márquez-Aliaga et al, 2000;Mujal et al, 2015Mujal et al, , 2018b.…”

Upper Paleozoic to Lower Mesozoic Tetrapod Ichnology Revisited: Photogrammetry and Relative Depth Pattern Inferences on Functional Prevalence of Autopodia

“…We conducted a qualitative analysis aiming to identify and classify depth patterns among tetrapod ichnotaxa from the upper Carboniferous to the Middle Triassic (see section "Relative Depth Patterns on Permian to Triassic Tetrapod Footprints" below). The database includes new data and a review of the published 3D data (de Klerk, 2002;Mujal et al, 2015Mujal et al, , 2016aMujal et al, ,b, 2017aMujal et al, ,b, 2018bCitton et al, 2016Citton et al, , 2018Citton et al, , 2019aCitton et al, ,b, 2020Meade et al, 2016;Milàn et al, 2016;Marchetti et al, 2017aMarchetti et al, ,b, 2018aMarchetti et al, ,b, 2019bFrancischini et al, 2018Francischini et al, , 2020Lagnaoui et al, 2019;Marchetti, 2019;Cavin and Piuz, 2020;Cisneros et al, 2020;Farman and Bell, 2020;Mujal and Marchetti, 2020;Mujal and Schoch, 2020;Reolid et al, 2020). Note that the number of tracks and localities from the upper Carboniferous is notably lower than those from the lower Permian.…”

“…Historical photogrammetry, in which 3D digital models are created from scans of analog photographs taken before photogrammetry even existed (e.g., Lallensack et al, 2015), is now also being used. Only recently, several works dealing with tetrapod footprints from the Permian and Triassic (and, to a lesser degree, the upper Carboniferous) used photogrammetry to better interpret the morphology of the tetrapod footprints and locomotion (e.g., Mujal et al, 2015Mujal et al, , 2016bMujal et al, , 2017aMarchetti et al, 2017aMarchetti et al, , 2019cCitton et al, 2018;Lagnaoui et al, 2019;Mujal and Marchetti, 2020;Mujal and Schoch, 2020;and references therein).…”