First Flush Stormwater Runoff from Highways

Stenstrom, Michael K.; Lau, Seng Fong; Lee, H.-H.; Ma, Jie; Ha, H.; Kim, Lee-Hyung; Khan, Sayeedul Islam; Kayhanian, Masoud

doi:10.1061/40569(2001)178

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…• Stenstrom, et al (2001) studied freeway runoff from three sites in the west Los Angeles area. The data showed large first flushes in concentration and moderate first flushes in mass emission rates.…”

Section: Other Accumulation and Washoff Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Pitt

Williamson

Voorhees³

et al. 2005

JWMM

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Many complex models that utilize continuous simulation (SWMM, HSPF, SLAMM, SIMPTM, etc.) require information pertaining to the accumulation rate of pollutants on the land surfaces. This is one of the most perplexing issues in stormwater modeling. A representation of the accumulation rates is usually obtained through trial and error during calibration, with little, if any, actual direct measurements. Historically, direct measurements have been misapplied in modeling applications, resulting in unreasonable model predictions. Many modelers therefore forego accumulation rate data, preferring to back into values from outfall observations. This approach makes it very difficult to correctly predict the sources of stormwater pollutants in urban areas and to make reasonable stormwater management decisions using source area controls. This dilemma has come about due to a major misinterpretation of previously collected field data: the assumption that street dirt loadings are zero after most rains. With the correct understanding and modeling of the washoff process, the vast amount of historically collected accumulation data becomes an important modeling resource. This Chapter presents a summary of this useful information. This information has been used in Pitt and Voorhees' Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM) and variations have been used in Sutherland's Simple Particulate Transport Model (SIMPTM) to more accurately predict these important source area processes. Relatively simple modifications can be made to other continuous models that utilize accumulation and washoff functions for more accurate and complete stormwater control predictions.

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Section: Other Accumulation and Washoff Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Pitt

Williamson

Voorhees³

et al. 2005

JWMM

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show abstract

“…The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has a large monitoring program for their highways. Our laboratory has monitored three highway locations near the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) (adjacent to the 101 and 405 freeways) since 1999 ( Stenstrom et al, 2000 and 2001 ). The study is also sponsored by Caltrans, and an extensive suite of parameters is measured, including indicator bacteria, general minerals, nutrients, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and oil and grease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Stormwater Monitoring

Lee

Stenstrom²

2005

Water Environment Research

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Stormwater runoff is now a major contributor to the pollution of coastal waters in the United States. Public agencies are responding by requiring stormwater monitoring to satisfy the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System stormwater permit. However, studies to understand the utility of the current programs or to improve their usefulness have not yet been performed. In this paper, we evaluate the land‐use‐based program, the industrial stormwater permit program, and beach water‐quality monitoring in the County of Los Angeles, California, to determine if the results will be helpful to planners and regulators in abating stormwater pollution. The utility of the program has been assessed based on the programs' ability to accurately estimate the emissions for different classes of land use. The land‐use program appears successful, while the industrial monitoring program does not. Beach water‐quality monitoring suffers from a lack of real‐time monitoring techniques. We also provide suggested improvements, such as sampling method and time, and parameter selection.

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“…Sequential extraction of the sediment determined the associations of the metals with the following fractions: acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual). Stenstrom, et al (2001) studied freeway runoff from three sites in the west Los Angeles area. Each site was sampled for 14 storms during the 1999-2000 rain season.…”

Section: Highway and Other Roadway Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Pollutants in Urban Areas (Part 2) - Recent Sheetflow Monitoring

Pitt

Bannerman

Clark

et al. 2005

JWMM

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Two research projects that examined source area sheetflows that were conducted in the 1990s are high-lighted in this chapter. These are a comprehensive project conducted in Birmingham, AL, as part of a project developing a control strategy for critical source areas, and a series of related projects conducted in Wisconsin as part of the DNR's efforts in calibrating the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM). A bibliography of recent source area monitoring activities by other researchers is also included in this chapter.These recent projects conducted in Alabama and Wisconsin are more comprehensive than the earlier monitoring efforts described in the previous chapter. These large projects included a wide range of land uses, source sources, and pollutants, in coordinated monitoring efforts. This information complements the data presented previously. Pitt, et al. (1995) studied stormwater runoff samples from a variety of source areas under different rain conditions in Birmingham, AL. All of the samples were analyzed in filtered (0.45 µm filter) and non-filtered forms to enable Birmingham, Alabama, Sheetflow Monitoring

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First Flush Stormwater Runoff from Highways

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Utility of Stormwater Monitoring

Sources of Pollutants in Urban Areas (Part 2) - Recent Sheetflow Monitoring

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