First finding of Streptococcus phocae infections in mink (Neovison vison)

Nikolaisen, Nanett Kvist; Lindegaard, Mikkel; Lyhs, Ulrike; Strube, Mikael Lenz; Hansen, Mette Sif; Struve, Tina; Chriél, Mariann; Jensen, Lars; Pedersen, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.015

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The species was first isolated and described in Norway from lung specimens from harbor seals suffering from pneumonia disease. This opportunistic pathogenic bacterium has been identified among several species of pinnipeds like the Cape fur seal, the Caspian seal, the spotted seal, the harbor seal, and sea lion species of different regions [ 73 , 74 , 84 ].…”

Section: Bacterial Pathogens Of Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development

et al. 2023

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Aquaculture is a fast-growing food sector but is plagued by a plethora of bacterial pathogens that infect fish. The rearing of fish at high population densities in aquaculture facilities makes them highly susceptible to disease outbreaks, which can cause significant economic loss. Thus, immunity development in fish through vaccination against various pathogens of economically important aquaculture species has been extensively studied and has been largely accepted as a reliable method for preventing infections. Vaccination studies in aquaculture systems are strategically associated with the economically and environmentally sustainable management of aquaculture production worldwide. Historically, most licensed fish vaccines have been developed as inactivated pathogens combined with adjuvants and provided via immersion or injection. In comparison, live vaccines can simulate a whole pathogenic illness and elicit a strong immune response, making them better suited for oral or immersion-based therapy methods to control diseases. Advanced approaches in vaccine development involve targeting specific pathogenic components, including the use of recombinant genes and proteins. Vaccines produced using these techniques, some of which are currently commercially available, appear to elicit and promote higher levels of immunity than conventional fish vaccines. These technological advancements are promising for developing sustainable production processes for commercially important aquatic species. In this review, we explore the multitude of studies on fish bacterial pathogens undertaken in the last decade as well as the recent advances in vaccine development for aquaculture.

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Section: Bacterial Pathogens Of Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development

et al. 2023

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“…It was isolated from three unrelated cases of farmed minks suffered from pneumonia and dermal infection with lesions. Genome sequences revealed a close relation to harbor seal isolates suggesting a possible cross-species transmission, where fish as diet might serve as a vector [ 25 ]. The subspecies S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge there is no isolation of S. phocae from healthy marine mammals reported. A recent publication describes the first isolation of S. phocae from a terrestrial mammal, the mink (Neovison vison) [25]. It was isolated from three unrelated cases of farmed minks suffered from pneumonia and dermal infection with lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and adaptation of Streptococcus phocae in host environments

Numberger,

Siebert,

Valentin Weigand

2024

PLoS ONE

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Marine mammals are sentinel species representing the “health” of our oceans on which we are dependent. There are many threats to marine mammals including infectious diseases that increase with climate change and pollution of the marine environment. Streptococcus phocae has frequently been isolated from diseased or dead marine mammals. However, its pathogenicity and contribution to disease in marine mammals is still unknown. As bacteria including (potential) pathogens has to deal with different host environments during colonization or infection, we investigated the survival of S. phocae in fresh porcine and phocid blood, in seawater and in the presence of macrophages and (epithelial) cells from harbor seals and pigs. Furthermore, we tested adherence on and invasion of different (marine) mammalian cells by S. phocae. Our results showed that S. phocae can survive in seawater for at least 11 and 28 days at 16°C and 4°C, respectively. It is able to grow in blood of harbor and grey seals, but not in porcine blood. Furthermore, S. phocae is adherent and invasive to cells from seals and pigs, while the portion of invasive cells was higher in seal derived cells. Macrophages of harbor seals were more efficient in killing S. phocae than porcine macrophages. Our results indicate that S. phocae has strategies enabling it to adapt to the marine environment and seal hosts.

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Nasopulmonary mites (Acari: Halarachnidae) as potential vectors of bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus phocae, in marine mammals

et al. 2022

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Nasopulmonary mites (NPMs) of the family Halarachnidae are obligate endoparasites that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. NPMs damage surface epithelium resulting in mucosal irritation, respiratory illness, and secondary infection, yet the role of NPMs in facilitating pathogen invasion or dissemination between hosts remains unclear. Using 16S rRNA massively parallel amplicon sequencing of six hypervariable regions (or “16S profiling”), we characterized the bacterial community of NPMs from 4 southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). This data was paired with detection of a priority pathogen, Streptococcus phocae, from NPMs infesting 16 southern sea otters and 9 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) using nested conventional polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The bacteriome of assessed NPMs was dominated by Mycoplasmataceae and Vibrionaceae, but at least 16 organisms with pathogenic potential were detected as well. Importantly, S. phocae was detected in 37% of NPM by nPCR and was also detected by 16S profiling. Detection of multiple organisms with pathogenic potential in or on NPMs suggests they may act as mechanical vectors of bacterial infection for marine mammals.

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First finding of Streptococcus phocae infections in mink (Neovison vison)

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development

Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development

Survival and adaptation of Streptococcus phocae in host environments

Nasopulmonary mites (Acari: Halarachnidae) as potential vectors of bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus phocae, in marine mammals

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