First examination of varying health outcomes of the chronically homeless according to Housing First configuration

Whittaker, Elizabeth; Dobbins, Timothy; Swift, Wendy; Flatau, Paul; Burns, Lucy

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12631

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Other reports found less contact with police and fewer arrests (Goering et al 2014; Greenberg et al 2013; O’Campo et al 2016; Whittaker et al 2017). In the City of Mateo in California, Greenberg et al (2013) found that once people were moved into permanent housing (with appropriate support services), police contacts were reduced by 99 percent to 0.04 per person per month.…”

Section: Theme 7: Criminal Justice Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The team also found that people in insecure housing were more likely to be smokers (although they found that binge drinking in the previous 30 days was not significantly associated with housing insecurity). Mental health showed considerable improvements when people were safely housed, with reduced levels of mental distress, depression, and anxiety (Smelson et al 2016;Whittaker et al 2017); reduced psychiatric and psychotic symptoms (Aubry, Klodawsky, and Coulombe 2012;Smelson et al 2018); improved mental health symptoms (Busch-Geertsema 2013; Chung et al 2018;Kerman et al 2020); increased hope, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and happiness (Pruitt et al 2018;Wright et al 2016); and fewer days in a psychiatric hospital (O'Campo et al 2016).…”

Section: Theme 1: Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DeSilva, Manworren, and Targonski (2011) and Srebnik, Connor, and Sylla (2013) found the provision of stable housing saw less criminal activity and reoffending and Collins et al (2019) found a drop in use of the child welfare system. Whittaker et al (2017) looked at the variation in rates of criminal activity over a twelve-month follow-up period when Housing First participants were housed in either scattered sites, or congregated sites. The research team found the number of contacts with "various types of criminal justice channels differed significantly between SS [scattered sites] and CS [congregated sites], decreasingly significantly among SS participants and increasing significantly among CS participants.…”

Section: Theme 7: Criminal Justice Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcomes Associated with Providing Secure, Stable, and Permanent Housing for People Who Have Been Homeless: An International Scoping Review

Carnemolla

Skinner

2021

Journal of Planning Literature

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As governments and service agencies across the world grapple with chronic rates of homelessness and housing instability, there is a growing need to understand the value that providing secure, stable housing brings to the lives of people who are homeless and the broader community. The complex nature of homelessness is revealed across a variety of academic fields including planning, pharmacology, urban affairs, housing policy, nutrition, psychiatry, sociology, public health, urban health, and criminology. We undertook a scoping review according to PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) that mapped the breadth and scale of the evidence-base and identified themes and gaps. We identified 476 reports and after excluding duplicates and ones that did not relate to our criteria, were left with 100 studies from eight countries. Each of them identified benefits and/or changes that occurred when people experiencing homelessness or housing insecurity transitioned into a secure, stable home. Outcomes measured were distributed across a range of domains including physical and mental health, well-being, mortality rates, criminal justice interaction, service use, and cost-effectiveness. Findings varied by degree but overwhelmingly found improvements in all domains once people were permanently housed. Housing provided a foundation for people to envisage a better life and make plans for the future. As one woman who had fled a violent home was quoted as saying: “housing made everything else possible.” The research identified savings for taxpayers and the wider community once people left homelessness for the stability of a permanent home, even after factoring in the cost of housing and rental help. We found numerous gaps. For example, there was a prevalence of studies that focused on those who are visibly homeless, in particular chronically homeless men with mental illness and/or substance use issues. Much less research looked at women whose patterns of homelessness are more varied and even less at homelessness involving children and families. Women who had left domestic and family violence were investigated in a very small number of studies and sample sizes were small. Few reports undertook the complex task of quantifying and comparing cost savings. Other notable gaps were older women, older people more generally, refugees, recent migrants, veterans, Indigenous people and those with a disability.

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Section: Theme 7: Criminal Justice Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Theme 1: Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theme 7: Criminal Justice Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcomes Associated with Providing Secure, Stable, and Permanent Housing for People Who Have Been Homeless: An International Scoping Review

Carnemolla

Skinner

2021

Journal of Planning Literature

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“…Many of the studies that consider housing features and the type of placement primarily focus on psychiatric patients and not the chronically homeless (Linn et al 1980;Nelson et al 1998). To date, few studies have examined the type of housing placement (Harkness et al 2004;Somers et al 2017;Whittaker et al 2016Whittaker et al , 2017. Furthermore, there is little research that examines why such variation across Housing First programs occurs.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Housing First and Single-Site Housing

Chen

2019

Social Sciences

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In 2002, the United States embraced the Housing First approach, which led to the widespread adoption of this approach in cities across the nation. This resulted in programmatic variations of Housing First and calls for clarity about the Housing First model. This study uses a comparative case study approach to explore the differences across Housing First programs in five selected cities: Dallas, Austin, Houston, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake City. It focuses on one aspect of programmatic variation: housing type. Data collection consisted of in-depth interviews with 53 participants, documentation review, and site visits. Findings show differences in the type of housing used and explore the reasons why Housing First programs select such housing configurations. The results highlight how programmatic variation does not necessarily mean the Housing First model lacks clarity. Rather, homeless service providers adapt the model to address local challenges and needs, resulting in the variation seen across programs and cities. The findings elucidate the debate about variation in the Housing First model and the call for fidelity.

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“…As a low-barrier approach to housing, Housing First addresses the needs of those with mental health and substance use disorders, minimizes program requirements, and more readily engages and moves people into housing (Srebnik, Connor, & Sylla, 2013). Individuals in Housing First programs demonstrate improvements in housing stability (Somers et al, 2017), psychological distress, quality of life, health service utilization (Whittaker, Dobbins, Swift, Flatau, & Burns, 2017), and access to medical care (Aidala, Lee, Abramson, Messeri, & Siegler, 2007). These programs have the potential to address chronic homelessness by reducing the overall cost to the community(D.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supportive housing for chronically homeless individuals: Challenges and opportunities for providers in Chicago, USA

Quinn

Dickson‐Gómez

Nowicki³

et al. 2017

Health Soc Care Community

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Chronically homeless individuals often have extensive health, mental health and psychosocial needs that pose barriers to obtaining and maintain supportive housing. This study aims to qualitatively explore supportive housing providers' experiences and challenges with housing chronically homeless individuals and examine opportunities to improve supportive housing systems of care. In 2014, we conducted qualitative indepth interviews with 65 programme administrators and case managers of supportive housing programmes in Chicago, IL. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic content analysis. Analysis revealed four themes that capture the primary challenges

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First examination of varying health outcomes of the chronically homeless according to Housing First configuration

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Outcomes Associated with Providing Secure, Stable, and Permanent Housing for People Who Have Been Homeless: An International Scoping Review

Outcomes Associated with Providing Secure, Stable, and Permanent Housing for People Who Have Been Homeless: An International Scoping Review

Housing First and Single-Site Housing

Supportive housing for chronically homeless individuals: Challenges and opportunities for providers in Chicago, USA

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