First evidence of Macaca sylvanus (Primates, Cercopithecidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Lezetxiki II cave (Basque Country, Spain)

Castaños, Pedro; Murelaga, Xabier; Arrizabalaga, Álvaro; Iriarte, María-José

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.01.011

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The bushmeat trade poses a dire threat to modern primates [Fa et al, 2002], and there is certainly evidence, described above, for hominin predation on African Pleistocene monkeys [Shipman et al, 1981]. Given that Homo and M. sylvanus co-occur in the fossil record -for example, at the late Pleistocene site of Lezetxiki in the Basque region of Spain [Castaños et al, 2011] -it is highly likely that there was a predator-prey relationship between the two. Homo neanderthalensis has been described as a 'top level predator' [Richards et al, 2000], and although it and other Pleistocene humans would have preferentially exploited larger prey, macaques may have been important supplementary food resources for European hominins: research on marginalised modern human populations suggests that consumption of primate bushmeat is one response to a chronic lack of protein availability [Fa et al, 2003].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolutionary History and Palaeo-Ecology of Primate Predation: Macaca sylvanus from Plio-Pleistocene Europe as a Case Study

Meloro

Elton²

2013

IJFP

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In this article we briefly review primate interactions with predators throughout their evolutionary history. Like today, predators of past primates were taxonomically diverse, including crocodilians, aquatic mammals, hyaenids, raptors and other primates. There is strong evidence for felid predation of extinct primates, with most work undertaken on the African Plio-Pleistocene fossil record. Felid predation of Plio-Pleistocene primates from other areas, including Europe, is much less well understood, so we explored co-occurrence and potential interaction between carnivorans (with particular reference to felids) and Macaca sylvanus, which was widespread and present in Europe from the late Miocene to the late Pleistocene. Over its tenure in the fossil record, M. sylvanus co-occurred with a diverse array of carnivorans, including canids and hyaenids, but medium-sized felids probably posed the most significant predation risk. It is likely, however, that human predation was a major factor contributing to macaque extinction in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolutionary History and Palaeo-Ecology of Primate Predation: Macaca sylvanus from Plio-Pleistocene Europe as a Case Study

Meloro

Elton²

2013

IJFP

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“…In the case of European macaques, they apparently extended their geographical range much farther northwards during the interglacials, and retreated into their Mediterranean refugia during glacials, although they ultimately became locality extinct due to their inability to tolerate the most severe stage of the last glaciation (Fooden, 2007), being last recorded in Iberia by ca. 80 ka (Castaños et al, 2011). With regard to humans, there is the possibility that…”

Section: Primate Iberian Diversity In the Miocene Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The primate fossil record in the Iberian Peninsula

Marigó¹,

Susanna

Minwer‐Barakat

et al. 2014

Journal of Iberian Geology

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(J.M.), ivette.susanna@icp.cat (I.S.), raef.minwer@icp.cat (R.M.-B.), joan.madurell@icp.cat (J.M.-M.), salvador.moya@icp.cat (S.M.-S.), isaac.casanovas@icp.cat (I.C.-V.), josep.robles@fossilia.com (J.M.R.) Received: 26 July 2013 / Accepted: 5 December 2013 / Available online: 25 February 2014 Abstract During the last decade, new discoveries in several Iberian basins, together with the description of previously unpublished finds, have significantly increased the recorded paleodiversity of fossil Primates (Mammalia: Euarchonta) in the Iberian Peninsula. Here we provide an updated compendium of the primate fossil record in Iberia during the Cenozoic and further summarize the changes in primate paleodiversity through time, which are then analyzed in the light of changing climatic conditions. Thanks to favorable climatic conditions, the highest diversity of Iberian primates was reached during the Eocene, thus reflecting the radiation of both adapoids and omomyoids; only a single plesiadapiform genus is in contrast recorded in the Iberian Peninsula. Near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, paleoclimatic changes led to a primate diversity crisis and other faunal changes, although two Iberian omomyoids survived the Grande Coupure. From the Middle Miocene onwards, catarrhine primates are recorded in the Iberian Peninsula. During the Middle and Late Miocene, they are represented by pliopithecoids and hominoids, restricted to NE Iberia. The Miocene hominoids from Iberia are of utmost significance for understanding the Eurasian hominoid radiation and its role in the origins of the great-ape-and-human clade. Following the local extinction of these taxa during the early Late Miocene, due to progressively increased seasonality and concomitant changes in plant communities, cercopithecoids are also recorded in the Iberian Peninsula from the latest Miocene through the Plio-Pleistocene, although they finally became locally extinct, whereas hominoids are again represented by fossil humans during the Pleistocene.Keywords: Primates, Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary, Taxonomy, Spain Resumen Durante la última década, nuevos descubrimientos en varias cuencas ibéricas, junto con la descripción de hallazgos previos inéditos, han incrementado significativamente la paleodiversidad de Primates fósiles (Mammalia: Euarchonta) registrada en la Península Ibérica. Proporcionamos aquí un compendio actualizado del registro fósil de los primates en Iberia durante el Cenozoico, y resumimos además los cambios en paleodiversidad de los primates a lo largo del tiempo a la luz de las condiciones climáticas cambiantes. Gracias a condiciones climáticas favorables, la diversidad más alta de primates ibéricos se produjo durante el Eoceno, reflejando así la radiación tanto de los adapoideos como de los omomioideos; en cambio, sólo un único género de plesiadapiformes se registra en la Península Ibérica. Hacia el límite Eoceno-Oligoceno, los cambios paleoclimáticos condujeron a una crisis de diversidad de los primates y otros cambios faunísticos, aunque dos omomi...

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“…The available information suggest that the SQ3 formed during the MIS5, probably during MIS5e, therefore the most probable chronological attribution for SQ2 is the end of MIS6, which should be regarded as our working hypothesis. Only a few caves and open-air sites in this region can be attributed to the same chronological range (Arrizabalaga and Rios-Garaizar, 2012) being the most important Lezetxiki (Falguères et al, 2005), Lezetxiki II (Castaños et al, 2011), Irikaitz and Mendieta I Rios-Garaizar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Chrono-environmental Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 96%

Short-term Neandertal occupations in the late Middle Pleistocene of Arlanpe (Lemoa, northern Iberian Peninsula)

Garaizar

Gárate²,

Gómez‐Olivencia

et al. 2015

Comptes Rendus Palevol

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a b s t r a c tThe end of the Middle Pleistocene is an interesting period for investigating the transformation of Neandertal behavior from the early Middle Paleolithic to the late Middle Paleolithic. Few sites in the Iberian Peninsula have sequences corresponding to the last interglacial (MIS5) and even fewer in the Cantabrian Region. One of the best places to investigate this subject is the sequence recently excavated in Arlanpe cave. Several proxies (sedimentology, pollen, small vertebrates, malacofauna, U/Th dating) locate the first phases of this sequence between MIS7 and MIS5, with the important occurrence of temperate environmental evidence. The archaeological record describes populations with high mobility that used the cave as an occasional shelter in the first phases, or as an activity area in the later ones. The

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First evidence of Macaca sylvanus (Primates, Cercopithecidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Lezetxiki II cave (Basque Country, Spain)

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

The Evolutionary History and Palaeo-Ecology of Primate Predation: Macaca sylvanus from Plio-Pleistocene Europe as a Case Study

The Evolutionary History and Palaeo-Ecology of Primate Predation: Macaca sylvanus from Plio-Pleistocene Europe as a Case Study

The primate fossil record in the Iberian Peninsula

Short-term Neandertal occupations in the late Middle Pleistocene of Arlanpe (Lemoa, northern Iberian Peninsula)

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