First evidence of “in situ” Eemian sediments on the high plateau of Evian (Northern Alps, France): implications for the chronology of the Last Glaciation

Guiter, Frédéric; Triganon, Anne; Andrieu‐Ponel, Valérie; Ponel, Philippe; Hébrard, Jean-Pierre; Nicoud, Gérard; Beaulieu, Jacques‐Louis de; Brewer, Simon; Guibal, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.011

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The only ‘dissonant voice’ is that of the Rhòne glacier on the northern side of the Western Alps: studies in the Evian area appear to show that the maximum expansion occurred prior to MIS 2 (Guiter et al . ). However, this is not based on absolute and direct dating of a moraine, and the proposed reconstruction is somewhat controversial (Preusser et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dating

Federici

Granger

Ribolini

et al. 2011

Boreas

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Two glacial deposits in the Gesso valley (Maritime, Alps) have been 10Be‐dated at 20 140±1080 (weighted mean±SD) and 16 590±970 years, respectively, thus constraining the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Gschnitz stadials in the southwestern part of the Alps. The LGM age is chronologically coherent with MIS 2 and synchronous with most other LGM moraines in the Alps. The Gschnitz stadial also appears to be in agreement with the ages obtained from other Alpine sites and with Heinrich Event I. This suggests that the Alpine glaciers reacted simultaneously and essentially synchronously with the climate change associated with Heinrich Event 1. The Equilibrium Line Altitudes (ELAs) of the LGM and Gschnitz reconstructed palaeoglaciers are 1850 and 1910 m a.s.l., respectively. The ELA comparison across the Alps indicates that the palaeoclimate of the Maritime Alps during the LGM was rather different from that of other Alpine sectors. However, the similar Gschnitz ELA value between the Gesso valley and other sites across the mountain chain indicates that Alpine glaciers responded with the same intensity to the climate change associated with Heinrich Event I. Overall, these results suggest that the interaction between the atmospheric circulation of air masses and local Alpine orography was more complex than has previously been argued.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…); Evian to the Rhône glacier (Guiter et al . ); Ivrea to the Aosta glacier (Gianotti et al . ); Wangen an der Aare, Hüntwangen, Wurmsee and Wasserburg am Inn refer to the Rhône, Rhein, Isar‐Loisach and Inn glaciers respectively (Ivy‐Ochs et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dating

Federici

Granger

Ribolini

et al. 2011

Boreas

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“…The transition between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Holocene is a key time interval that provides contrasting boundary conditions for terrestrial ecosystems response with episodes of insolation changes and ice melting. At the end of the Pleistocene and consecutively to alpine glacier retreat, new ecosystems (soil, vegetation, and fauna) developed on freshly ice-free valleys; profoundly modifying mountain landscapes (e.g., Tinner et al, 1996;Heiri et al, 2003;Lotter and Birks, 2003). However, the timing of these changes (e.g., synchronism, delay) is poorly known, notwithstanding the fact that they are crucial to a better understanding of thresholds in the Earth's climatic system (Alley et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateglacial/Holocene environmental changes in the Mediterranean Alps inferred from lacustrine sediments

Brisset

Guiter

Miramont

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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This study investigates sediment cores from the Mediterranean alpine lakes located in upvalley cirques upper than 1700 metres a.s.l. using sedimentological, palynological and geomorphological studies, in order to document environmental changes following the last phase of glacier retreat. These results are considered in the framework of the deglaciation characterized from 16 sediment cores from highaltitude lakes and mires including 104 14 C ages and geomorphological studies of the Mediterranean Alps. Considering each sediment core proxy as an independent observation, i.e., comparisons between 14 C ages and palynostratigraphy, between 14 C ages and lithostratigraphy, between palynostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy, these data are aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the timing of postglacial environmental changes. The 14 C ages combined with pollen biostratigraphy indicate that the deglaciation of cirque catchments is dated between 14,500 and 13,000 cal. BP, i.e., during the Lateglacial Interstadial (Greenland Interstadial-1e). The sixteen lacustrine and mire sediment records are systematically characterized by three units from bottom to top: organic-poor blue clay, beige to light-brown silty clay and organic rich dark brown gyttja lithotype. During the Younger Dryas, lakes located below 2300 m a.s.l. were ice-free and their pollen record indicates steppe conditions. The sedimentary facies also informs on the timing of glacial-dominated processes. The onset of organic-rich gyttja is dated at 11,000 cal. BP suggesting the last influence of cirque glaciers in these lakes at the beginning of the Holocene. The timing of the onset of this organic rich unit differs in sites (±2000 years) probably due to an altitudinal and exposure gradient of the glacial cirques. The presence of gyttja from 11,000 cal. BP to Present indicates biogenic infilling lake for all the Holocene. Even though the literature have indicated rock glacier advances occurred during the Holocene (Subboreal and LIA) in the south of the Alps, no significant sedimentological patterns related to glacier fluctuations are recorded in Lake Vens. The glacier fluctuations in the Mediterranean Alps are concomitant with those dated in the non-Mediterranean Alps, thus suggesting a main common climate forcing. However, the increase in terrigenous sediment inputs since 1800 cal. BP is mainly due to human activities.

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“…Because the shallow groundwater flows through a subsurface decompressed zone (Maréchal ; Sonney and Vuataz ; Welch et al ) and can disrupt temperature‐depth profiles (Goy et al ), our 3D model was also designed to simulate the transient thermal effect of the shallow groundwater flow on the low‐permeability surrounding rock. Some authors consider that glacier retreat following the Würmian glaciation in the western part of the northern Alps began only 10,000 years ago (e.g., Preusser et al ), whereas other researchers (e.g., Guiter et al ) maintain that it began 20,000 years ago. Consequently, our simulations of the thermal evolution of the surrounding rock, which were based on temperature‐depth profiles in the vicinity of the LFZ, focused on the last 20,000 years, that is, the maximum amount of time since glacier retreat began.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Influence of an Alpine Deep Hydrothermal Fault on the Surrounding Rocks

Dzikowski¹,

Josnin

Roche

2015

Groundwater

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Major fault zones in mountain areas are often associated with cold-water circulations and hydrothermal pathways. Compared with the massif as a whole, the deep groundwater flows in these high hydraulic-conductivity zones modify the thermal state of the surrounding rock. This paper examines the thermal effects of groundwater flow in the area around the steeply dipping La Léchère deep fault zone (LFZ, French Alps) and associated shallow decompressed zone. We used a 3D numerical model drawn up from groundwater circulation data to investigate the La Léchère hydrothermal system and the thermal state of the rock in the valley sides. Hydrothermal simulations showed that convective flow into the LFZ cools the valley sides and creates a thermal upwelling under the valley floor. An unsteady thermal regime that continues for about 10,000 years is also needed to obtain the temperatures currently found under the valley floor in the LFZ. Temperature-depth profiles around the LFZ show disturbances in the thermal gradients in the valley sides and the valley floor. Convective heat transfer into the LFZ and the decompressed zone, and conductive heat transfer in the surrounding rocks produce an unsteady, asymmetric thermal state in the rock on both sides of the LFZ.

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First evidence of “in situ” Eemian sediments on the high plateau of Evian (Northern Alps, France): implications for the chronology of the Last Glaciation

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dating

Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dating

Lateglacial/Holocene environmental changes in the Mediterranean Alps inferred from lacustrine sediments

Thermal Influence of an Alpine Deep Hydrothermal Fault on the Surrounding Rocks

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First evidence of “in situ” Eemian sediments on the high plateau of Evian (Northern Alps, France): implications for the chronology of the Last Glaciation

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to 10Be cosmogenic dating

Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to 10Be cosmogenic dating

Lateglacial/Holocene environmental changes in the Mediterranean Alps inferred from lacustrine sediments

Thermal Influence of an Alpine Deep Hydrothermal Fault on the Surrounding Rocks

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Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dating

Last Glacial Maximum and the Gschnitz stadial in the Maritime Alps according to ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dating