First encounters of the microbial kind: perinatal factors direct infant gut microbiome establishment

Dempsey, Eugene; Ryan, C. Anthony; Ross, R. Paul; Stanton, Catherine

doi:10.20517/mrr.2021.09

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Collectively, these data indicate that geographical location strongly influences the initial seeding of gut microbes, and this affects the trajectory of microbiota regardless of feeding practices [ 42 ]. Notably, the term “geography” includes not only the physical location (rural versus urban) but also extends to socioeconomics, genetics, diet, climate, and ethnicity [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal gut microbiota composition of South African and Nigerian infants in relation to tetanus vaccine responses

Iwase

Jaspan

Happel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Infants who are exposed to HIV but uninfected (iHEU) have higher risk of infectious morbidity than infants who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected (iHUU), possibly due to altered immunity. As infant gut microbiota may influence immune development, we evaluated the effects of HIV exposure on infant gut microbiota and its association with tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine responses. Methods: We evaluated gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 278 South African and Nigerian infants during the first and at 15 weeks of life and measured antibodies against TT vaccine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at matched time points. Results: Infant gut microbiota and its succession were more strongly influenced by geographical location and age than by HIV exposure. Microbiota of Nigerian infants drastically changed over 15 weeks, becoming dominated by Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis. This change was not observed among EBF South African infants. Lasso regression suggested that HIV exposure and gut microbiota were independently associated with TT vaccine responses at week 15, and that high passive antibody levels may mitigate these effects. Conclusion: In two African cohorts, HIV exposure minimally altered the infant gut microbiota compared to age and country, but both specific gut microbes and HIV exposure independently predicted humoral vaccine responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal gut microbiota composition of South African and Nigerian infants in relation to tetanus vaccine responses

Iwase

Jaspan

Happel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The critical factor affecting newborns’ colonization of the GI tract is the mode of delivery [ 39 , 40 ]. During recent decades, despite the lack of medical recommendations, the number of cesarean sections (CS) worldwide has increased.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intestinal microbiota of the infant delivered by CS contains a lower abundance of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium , and a Propionibacterium spp. A higher quantity of Lactobacillus , Prevotella , Sneathia spp., and Clostridium difficile compared to VD children was found [ 39 ]. It should be mentioned that a high abundance of C. difficile could cause dysbiosis and an increased risk of developing obesity [ 43 ].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

Góralczyk-Bińkowska

Szmajda-Krygier

Kozłowska

2022

IJMS

125

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Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is the subject of intense research. The gut microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also with psychiatric disorders. The importance of factors such as stress, mode of delivery, the role of probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, and occupational and environmental exposure in the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain function through bidirectional communication, described as “the microbiome–gut–brain axis”, is especially underlined. In this review, we discuss the link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain and host response involving different pathways between the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review the microbiota alterations and their results in the development of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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“…Gut colonization during infancy is a complex process, involving recruitment of strains and species until an adult-like gut microbiota is reached [ 1 ]. The diversity increases drastically the first years of life, and factors involved are the mode of delivery, antibiotic usage, microbial exposure, and diet [ 2 – 4 ]. However, the underlying ecological forces of the early bacterial recruitment and increasing diversity remain poorly understood [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenome-mining indicates an association between bacteriocin presence and strain diversity in the infant gut

et al. 2023

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Background Our knowledge about the ecological role of bacterial antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) in the human gut is limited, particularly in relation to their role in the diversification of the gut microbiota during early life. The aim of this paper was therefore to address associations between bacteriocins and bacterial diversity in the human gut microbiota. To investigate this, we did an extensive screening of 2564 healthy human gut metagenomes for the presence of predicted bacteriocin-encoding genes, comparing bacteriocin gene presence to strain diversity and age. Results We found that the abundance of bacteriocin genes was significantly higher in infant-like metagenomes (< 2 years) compared to adult-like metagenomes (2–107 years). By comparing infant-like metagenomes with and without a given bacteriocin, we found that bacteriocin presence was associated with increased strain diversities. Conclusions Our findings indicate that bacteriocins may play a role in the strain diversification during the infant gut microbiota establishment.

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First encounters of the microbial kind: perinatal factors direct infant gut microbiome establishment

Cited by 8 publications

References 100 publications

Longitudinal gut microbiota composition of South African and Nigerian infants in relation to tetanus vaccine responses

Longitudinal gut microbiota composition of South African and Nigerian infants in relation to tetanus vaccine responses

The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

Metagenome-mining indicates an association between bacteriocin presence and strain diversity in the infant gut

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