First Elastic Electron Scattering from 
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 at the SCRIT Facility

Tsukada, K.; Enokizono, A.; Ohnishi, T.; Adachi, Kousuke; Fujita, Takahiro; Hara, Masahiro; Hori, Mitsuki; Hori, T.; Ichikawa, Shinichi; Kurita, K.; Matsuda, Kenji; Suda, T.; Tamae, T.; Togasaki, Mamoru; Wakasugi, M.; Watanabe, Masamitsu; Yamada, Kohei

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.262501

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In electron scattering, the msr of the charge density reflects mainly the point proton distribution selectively, while its 4th moment does the point neutron density additionally. Future experiment on unstable nuclei [15,16] would show not only change of the point proton distribution, but also of the point neutron distribution as a function of N or Z.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present results may be useful for reducing ambiguity of nuclear model parameters, and hence, for recent detailed discussions of the nuclear proton and neutron density profiles [11]. Moreover, there is a possibility that not only the change of the proton distribution, but also the one of the neutron distribution will be explored throughout neutronrich and proton-rich nuclei with the conventional and well-established electron scattering experiment [15,16].…”

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confidence: 82%

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The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons

Kurasawa

Suzuki

2019

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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The relativistic expression for the n-th order moment of the nuclear charge density is presented. For the mean square radius(msr) of the nuclear charge density, the non-relativistic expression, which is equivalent to the relativistic one, is also derived consistently up to 1/M 2 with use of the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. The difference between the relativistic and non-relativistic expressions for the msr of the point proton density is also discussed. The n( ≥ 4)-th order moment of the nuclear charge density depends on the point neutron density. The 4-th order moment yields a useful information on the msr of the point neutron density, and is expected to play an important role in electron scattering off neutron-rich nuclei. * kurasawa@faculty.chiba-u.jp accuracy, aiming to determine a small difference 0.03 ∼ 0.05 fm between the root mean square radii of point-proton and -neutron distributions [11]. In order to respond to these challenges, it is necessary for nuclear models to make clear a role of each element in the nuclear charge density. Although main contribution to the charge density comes from the point proton density, it is not obvious whether or not other elements are always negligible. One of the purposes of the present paper is to explore the contribution of each element in the nuclear charge density to the msr.Another purpose is to propose a complementary method to the previous ones[11] for investigating the neutron density of nuclei. It is one of the fundamental problems in nuclear physics how the protons and neutrons are distributed in nuclei. In contrast to the proton distribution, however, the neutron distribution is not well known yet, since there is no simple way to explore it experimentally. For example, in elastic electron scattering, the cross section is strongly dominated by the proton charge distribution, and the contribution from the neutrons is hidden behind the one from protons. As a result, it is hard to extract information on the neutron density by the analysis of the charge density profile. In hadron scattering [12], there is a different kind of difficulties. Although contributions to the cross section from neutrons and protons are comparable, they are not distinguishable from each other, because in the strong interaction, the reaction mechanism is not well understood, and the physical meaning of the parameters employed in the analyses is not obvious [11]. As a unique experiment to observe directly the neutron weak charge density, the measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the polarized-electron scattering has recently been performed [13,14]. It is a promising, but very difficult and time-consuming experiment. At present, the value of the form factor is available only for 208 Pb at a single value of the momentum transfer, q = 0.475 fm −1 , with the error of about 10%. Thus, it does not seem that the neutron density profiles are extracted soon from experiment without the help of nuclear models. In the present paper, it will be shown that instead of discussing the charge den...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 82%

The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons

Kurasawa

Suzuki

2019

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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“…By focusing on the first peak angle and its magnitude of the elastic scattering differential cross section, one may have a chance to determine the radius of the proton density distribution and its diffuseness for an unstable nucleus simultaneously. We believe that this is very important, but leave it for our future studies [47]. The HF+BCS density distributions with the SkM* interaction [35,39] are used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear surface diffuseness revealed in nucleon-nucleus diffraction

2018

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The nuclear surface provides useful information on nuclear radius, nuclear structure, as well as properties of nuclear matter. We discuss the relationship between the nuclear surface diffuseness and elastic scattering differential cross section at the first diffraction peak of high-energy nucleon-nucleus scattering as an efficient tool in order to extract the nuclear surface information from limited experimental data involving short-lived unstable nuclei. The high-energy reaction is described by a reliable microscopic reaction theory, the Glauber model. Extending the idea of the black sphere model, we find one-to-one correspondence between the nuclear bulk structure information and proton-nucleus elastic scattering diffraction peak. This implies that we can extract both the nuclear radius and diffuseness simultaneously, using the position of the first diffraction peak and its magnitude of the elastic scattering differential cross section. We confirm the reliability of this approach by using realistic density distributions obtained by a mean-field model.

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“…Isotopes far from the valley of stability will become accessible at both FAIR [73] and FRIB [71], opening the floodgates of high precision studies of the isotopic dependence of the neutron skin, thereby constraining the stiffness of the symmetry energy. A brand-new electron scattering facility in Japan, the SCRIT (Self-Confining RI Ion Target) Electron Scattering Facility, has started its operation at RIKEN's Radioactive Ion Beam Factory [121]. This is the world first electron scattering facility dedicated to the study of short-lived isotopes.…”

Section: The Next Decadementioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron skins of atomic nuclei: per aspera ad astra

Thiel¹,

Sfienti²,

Piekarewicz³

et al. 2019

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

133

127

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The complex nature of the nuclear forces generates a broad range and diversity of observational phenomena. Heavy nuclei, though orders of magnitude less massive than neutron stars, are governed by the same underlying physics, which is enshrined in the nuclear equation of state. Heavy nuclei are expected to develop a neutron-rich skin where many neutrons collect near the surface. Such a skin thickness is strongly sensitive to the poorly-known density dependence of the symmetry energy near saturation density. An accurate and model-independent determination of the neutron-skin thickness of heavy nuclei would provide a significant first constraint on the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy.The determination of the neutron-skin thickness of heavy nuclei has far reaching consequences in many areas of physics as diverse as heavy-ion collisions, polarized electron and proton scattering off nuclei, precision tests of the standard model using atomic parity violation, and nuclear astrophysics.While a systematic and concerted experimental effort has been made to measure the neutron-skin thickness of heavy nuclei, a precise and model-independent determination remains elusive. The measurement of parity-violating asymmetries provides a clean and model-independent determination of the weak form factor of the nucleus which is dominated by the neutron distribution. However, measuring parity-violating asymmetries of the order of a part per million is both challenging and time-consuming. Alternative observables sensitive to the symmetry energy have been proposed and measured succesfully in recent experimental campaigns. These data are valuable, but interpretations contain implicit model dependence that hinder the clean determination of the neutron-skin thickness. How to move forward at a time when many new facilities are being commissioned and how to strengthen the synergy with other areas of physics are primary goals of this review.

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First Elastic Electron Scattering from Xe132 at the SCRIT Facility

Cited by 90 publications

References 20 publications

The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons

The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons

Nuclear surface diffuseness revealed in nucleon-nucleus diffraction

Neutron skins of atomic nuclei: per aspera ad astra

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