First direct 3D visualisation of microstructural evolutions during sintering through X-ray computed microtomography

Bernard, Dominique; Gendron, D.; Heintz, Jean‐Marc; Bordère, S.; Étourneau, J.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.027

Cited by 119 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In fact, agglomerates are always forming during the sintering process. Thanks to the new technology of in situ Xray micro-tomography, which has been used to observe the rearrangement of particles during sintering [19][20][21][22][23], we believe that it will be adopted to study the agglomeration in 3D compacts in the near future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing particle agglomeration during solid-state sintering

Wang

Chen

2012

Acta Mech Sin

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Discrete element method (DEM) is used to study the factors affecting agglomeration in three-dimensional copper particle systems during solid-state sintering. A new parameter is proposed to characterize agglomeration. The effects of a series of factors are studied, including particle size, size distribution, inter-particle tangential viscosity, temperature, initial density and initial distribution of particles on agglomeration. We find that the systems with smaller particles, broader particle size distribution, smaller viscosity, higher sintering temperature and smaller initial density have stronger particle agglomeration and different distributions of particles induce different agglomerations. This study should be very useful for understanding the phenomenon of agglomeration and the micro-structural evolution during sintering and guiding sintering routes to avoid detrimental agglomeration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing particle agglomeration during solid-state sintering

Wang

Chen

2012

Acta Mech Sin

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“…The method presupposes a structure of perfect cylindrical pores that are filled with mercury under pressure and has been proven to provide incorrect results for certain porous materials [8,9]. Other methods used to assess the fine geometrical features of nanoporous materials include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [9], x-ray computed tomography [10], radiation scattering [7], and gas adsorption techniques [7]. However, these methods are of high complexity, require long data collection times, and can be destructive or hazardous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall-collision line broadening of molecular oxygen within nanoporous materials

Lewander

Andersson‐Engels

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. A

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“…With recent advances in 3D imaging, however, researchers can now perform time-resolved measurements of the true size, shape, and interconnectivity of particles and pores (9)(10)(11)(12), from which it may be possible to pin down the atomic-level mechanism(s) underlying each stage of sintering. Of particular interest in this regard is the 3D rearrangement of particles that occurs during early-stage sintering (8,13), which can significantly affect subsequent densification but is hardly accessible from 2D cross-sections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al–Cu alloy

Dake

Oddershede

Sørensen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sintering is a key technology for processing ceramic and metallic powders into solid objects of complex geometry, particularly in the burgeoning field of energy storage materials. The modeling of sintering processes, however, has not kept pace with applications. Conventional models, which assume ideal arrangements of constituent powders while ignoring their underlying crystallinity, achieve at best a qualitative description of the rearrangement, densification, and coarsening of powder compacts during thermal processing. Treating a semisolid Al-Cu alloy as a model system for late-stage sintering-during which densification plays a subordinate role to coarsening-we have used 3D X-ray diffraction microscopy to track the changes in sample microstructure induced by annealing. The results establish the occurrence of significant particle rotations, driven in part by the dependence of boundary energy on crystallographic misorientation. Evidently, a comprehensive model for sintering must incorporate crystallographic parameters into the thermodynamic driving forces governing microstructural evolution.3D microstructural evolution | sintering | Ostwald ripening | grain rotation | x-ray imaging W hether we realize it or not, our daily lives are marked by encounters with sintering, ranging from natural rock formations and glaciers to artificial products like the porcelain from which we eat or the amalgam fillings in many teeth. Sintering is an efficient method for combining loose granular precursors into solid objects of predetermined shape at relatively low temperature, circumventing the processing route of melting, casting, and machining. The applications of sintering are widespread. For example, it is the predominant method for producing bulk technical ceramics (1), and, thanks to advances in powder metallurgy, sintering is of growing importance in the fabrication of metals, as well (2). The focus in recent years on nanostructured materials-specifically, on materials for energy storage and conversion-has intensified the scientific investigation and modeling of sintering processes. The latter find application in the production of fuel cells (3) and battery electrodes (4). In other applications, such as catalysis (5), sintering can be highly undesirable, as it reduces the connectivity of pores and the free surface of nanoparticles. In all of these cases, we need a firm understanding of sintering fundamentals to achieve and retain desired materials properties during thermal processing.The reduction in free energy that accompanies the removal of a powder compact's surface area is the driving force behind sintering (2, 6). When two particles come into contact, two free surfaces are replaced by a single solid/solid boundary. If the particles are crystalline, the new interface is a grain boundary, the (excess) energy of which is generally on the order of one-third of that of a (single) free surface of equal area (6); consequently, the sintering process results in a net release of energy. As free surface area decreases, the powder ...

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First direct 3D visualisation of microstructural evolutions during sintering through X-ray computed microtomography

Cited by 119 publications

References 23 publications

Factors influencing particle agglomeration during solid-state sintering

Factors influencing particle agglomeration during solid-state sintering

Wall-collision line broadening of molecular oxygen within nanoporous materials

Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al–Cu alloy

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