First determination of the $${\rho }$$ parameter at $${\sqrt{s} = 13}$$ TeV: probing the existence of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state

Abstract

The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has performed the first measurement at $$\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}$$s=13TeV of the $$\rho $$ρ parameter, the real to imaginary ratio of the nuclear elastic scattering amplitude at $$t=0$$t=0, obtaining the following results: $$\rho = 0.09 \pm 0.01$$ρ=0.09±0.01 and $$\rho = 0.10 \pm 0.01$$ρ=0.10±0.01, depending on different physics assumptions and mathematical modelling. The unprecedented precision of the $$\rho $$ρ measurement, combined with the TOTEM total cross-section measurements in an energy range larger than $$10\,\mathrm{TeV}$$10TeV (from 2.76 to $$13\,\mathrm{TeV}$$13TeV), has implied the exclusion of all the models classified and published by COMPETE. The $$\rho $$ρ results obtained by TOTEM are compatible with the predictions, from other theoretical models both in the Regge-like framework and in the QCD framework, of a crossing-odd colourless 3-gluon compound state exchange in the t-channel of the proton–proton elastic scattering. On the contrary, if shown that the crossing-odd 3-gluon compound state t-channel exchange is not of importance for the description of elastic scattering, the $$\rho $$ρ value determined by TOTEM would represent a first evidence of a slowing down of the total cross-section growth at higher energies. The very low-|t| reach allowed also to determine the absolute normalisation using the Coulomb amplitude for the first time at the LHC and obtain a new total proton–proton cross-section measurement $$\sigma _{\mathrm{tot}} = (110.3 \pm 3.5)\,\mathrm{mb}$$σtot=(110.3±3.5)mb, completely independent from the previous TOTEM determination. Combining the two TOTEM results yields $$\sigma _{\mathrm{tot}} = (110.5 \pm 2.4)\,\mathrm{mb}$$σtot=(110.5±2.4)mb.

A new parton model for the soft interactions at high energies

“…This induced energy dependence turns out to be rather large causing a decrease of ρ in the energy range: W = 0.5 ÷ 20 TeV. However, this effect is much smaller than in our previous estimates [13] and the value of ρ does not contradict the experimental data [1][2][3][4].…”

Pomeron/glueball and odderon/oddball trajectories

“…we fitted the TOTEM 13 TeV elastic pp differential cross section data [35] in To restore the trajectory in a wider interval (interesting from the point of view of glueballs! ), the influence of the low-|t| "break" must be compensated by fits to the larger |t| region, that beyond the dip.…”

“…• pp total cross section and ρ parameter data [35,40,41,42,43,44,45] in the interval 10 √ s 13000 GeV.…”

“…The fitted differential cross section and its normalized form are shown inFigs.2 and 3. The normalized form, used originally by TOTEM[35], presents the deviation of the low-|t| diffraction cone from the purely exponential form.…”

“…Fitted pp TOTEM 13 TeV differential cross section data[35] in normalized form using the amplitude Eq. (6) and trajectory Eq.…”