First detection of the protozoan parasite Bonamia exitiosa (Haplosporidia) infecting flat oyster Ostrea edulis grown in European waters

Abollo, Elvira; Ramilo, Andrea; Casas, Sandra M.; Comesaña, Pilar; Cao, Asunción; Carballal, Marı́a J.; Villalba, António

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.037

Cited by 65 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These parasites spread during the 1970s and 1980s, dramatically reducing production in the main bivalve cultivation areas in Europe. There were no methods available to eradicate them, and therefore these diseases endemically persisted in most natural oyster beds and oyster farming areas, thus making any production enterprise impossible (ABOLLO et al, 2008;FAO, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivated in the estuary of the Graciosa River in Taperoá, Bahia

Cova

Júnior

Boehs

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Parasites in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivated in the estuary of the Graciosa River in Taperoá, BahiaParasitos na ostra-do-mangue Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivada no estuário do rio Graciosa em Taperoá, Bahia AbstractIn this work, parasites associated with the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae were studied at a cultivation unit in the estuary of the Graciosa River in Taperoá, Bahia. On a monthly basis, between April 2011 and March 2012, 20 oysters were collected, measured and fixed in 10% formaldehyde. In order to identify the parasites, routine histological techniques were used. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and sections, 7 µm thick, were cut. These were then stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin and were examined using an optical microscope. The parameters analyzed to investigate water quality showed that the temperature ranged from 23.9 °C to 29.3 °C, water salinity from 0.4 to 24.2 Practical Salinity Units PSU and recorded rainfall from 80 mm to 406.4 mm/month. During the parasitological analyses, infestation of the polychaete Neanthes succinea was observed in 41% of the oysters. Through histological techniques, the following parasites were identified: colonies of Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs); the protozoa Nematopsis sp. and Ancistrocoma sp.; the turbellarian Urastoma sp.; the metacestode Tylocephalum sp. and an unidentified tapeworm. The data collected showed that there was low-intensity infection with and prevalence of parasites, except for Nematopsis sp., thus attesting that these cultivated oysters were in a healthy condition.Keywords: Histology, protozoa, Nematopsis sp., Neanthes succinea, bivalves. ResumoNo presente trabalho, parasitos associados à ostra-do-mangue Crassostrea rhizophorae foram estudados em uma unidade de cultivo no estuário do rio Graciosa em Taperoá, Bahia. Mensalmente, entre abril de 2011 e março de 2012, 20 ostras foram coletadas, mensuradas e fixadas em formol a 10%. Para a identificação dos parasitos, foram utilizadas técnicas histológicas de rotina, com inclusão em parafina e obtenção de cortes com 7µm, corados com hematoxilina de Harris e eosina e examinados em microscopia de luz. Os parâmetros analisados para a qualidade da água mostraram que a temperatura variou de 23,9 °C a 29,3 °C, a salinidade de 0,4 a 24,2 PSU e a pluviometria de 80 mm a 406,4 mm/mês. Nas análises parasitológicas foram observadas infestações do poliqueta Neanthes succinea em 41% das ostras. A partir das técnicas histológicas foram identificados os seguintes parasitos: colônias de organismos assemelhados a Rickettsiae (RLOs); os protozoários Nematopsis sp. e Ancistrocoma sp.; o turbelário Urastoma sp.; o metacestóide Tylocephalum sp. e um platelminto não identificado. Os dados obtidos mostraram baixa intensidade de infecção e prevalência de parasitos, exceto para Nematopsis sp., atestando a boa condição de saúde das ostras no cultivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivated in the estuary of the Graciosa River in Taperoá, Bahia

Cova

Júnior

Boehs

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Those characteristics do not allow discrimination from the oyster parasite Bonamia exitiosa, whereas the central position of the nucleus in microcells infecting the Manila clams would allow distinguishing them from the oyster parasite B. ostreae, whose nucleus is eccentric (Abollo et al 2008). Sequencing results showed that the microcells infecting Manila clams from Galicia were closely related to the genus Mikrocytos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Infection of Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum from Galicia (NW Spain) with a Mikrocytos-like parasite

Ramilo¹,

Iglesias²,

Abollo³

et al. 2014

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The name 'microcells' is frequently used to refer to small-sized unicellular stages of molluscan parasites of the genera Bonamia (Rhizaria, Haplosporidia) and Mikrocytos (Rhizaria). Histological examination of Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum revealed microcells in the connective tissue of adductor muscle, foot, mantle, gills, siphon and visceral mass. The clams had been collected from 4 beds on the coast of Galicia, Spain. The prevalence of these microcells ranged from 73 to 93% in surface clams and from 3 to 33% in buried clams. However, the detection of brown ring disease signs in clams from every bed prevented us from making the assumption that the microcells alone were responsible for clam mortality. PCR assays using primer pairs designed to detect Bonamia spp. and haplosporidians gave negative results, whereas positive results were obtained with primers for the genus Mikrocytos. A consensus sequence of 1670 bp of the ribosomal gene complex of the microcells was obtained. It contained a section of the 18S region, the whole first internal transcribed spacer, the 5.8S region, the second internal transcribed spacer and a section of the 28S region. Comparison of this sequence with those of M. mackini infecting Crassostrea gigas and Mikrocytos sp. infecting Ostrea edulis showed that the microcells of Galician clams were the most divergent among the compared parasites. This is the first report of a Mikrocytos-like parasite infecting Manila clams. Care must be taken to avoid the spread of this parasite through Manila clam transfers. KEY WORDS: Ruditapes philippinarum · Manila clam · Microcells · Mikrocytos · PCR · Ribosomal gene Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Contribution to DAO Special 7 'Microcell parasites of molluscs'Dis Aquat Org 110: [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] 2014 tapetis (Paillard et al. 1989, Borrego et al. 1996, Paillard 2004, Park et al. 2006, and infection with Perkinsus olseni (Navas et al. 1992, Hamaguchi et al. 1998, Park & Choi 2001, Wu et al. 2011.The protozoan parasite Mikrocytos mackini (Farley et al. 1988) is the aetiological agent of Denman Island disease, blamed for severe mortalities of oysters C. gigas in British Columbia (Canada) (Quayle 1982, Bower 1988, Bower et al. 1994. Re cently, it has also been detected in Washington State (USA) (Bower 2010, Abbott et al. 2011) and has been found to infect C. sikamea from California (USA) (Elston et al. 2012). M. mackini is included in the group of microcell parasites of molluscs due to its small size (2−4 µm), together with haplosporidian parasites of the genus Bonamia. The position of this parasite within the global eukaryotic phylogeny was uncertain until it was recently assigned to Rhizaria (Burki et al. 2013). The microcell parasite originally described as M. roughleyi, which infects oysters Saccostrea glomerata in SE Australia, is considered closely related to B. exitiosa and should not be in clu ded in the genus Mikrocytos , Car negie & Cochennec-Laureau 2004, Hill et...

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“…However, structures similar to plasmodia of a haplosporidian parasite (according to Lauckner, 1983;Balseiro et al, 2006;Carnegie et al, 2006;Abollo et al, 2008), were observed in histopathological preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and health status of cultured edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) in the Panadura estuary, Sri Lanka

Piyathilaka¹,

Hettiarachchi

Wanninayake

2012

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Abstract:To intensify the production of edible oyster in Sri Lanka in the future it is essential to analyse the status of the present culture practices. The present study was carried out to investigate the growth and health of cultured edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis in relation to the prevailing water quality parameters and external fouling in a small-scale, commercial farm located in the Panadura estuary, Sri Lanka.The mean growth rate in shell length and shell width varied between 0.06 ± 0.01 mm and 2.19 ± 0.09 mm and between 0.02 ± 0.02 and 2.11 ± 0.39 mm per week, respectively. There were positive significant relationships between the growth rate in shell width and salinity, as well as the conductivity of culture water (p < 0.05). Mean total dissolved solids in culture water had a positive significant relationship to the growth rate of oysters in shell length (p < 0.05). External fouling organisms that grew on the outer shell surface caused significant reduction in growth rate as well as the weight gain of cultured C. madrasensis (p < 0.05).Histological sections of the gills, mantle, digestive gland and digestive tract of oysters exhibited structures similar to plasmodia of a haplosporidian parasite, which reached the stage of rupturing during the period of low salinity. C. madrasensis could tolerate the low salinity, ranging from 0 gL -1 to 6.0 gL -1 with 83.0 ± 2.47 % survival; the highest mortality recorded during the period with low salinity in culture water was 15.00 ± 2.50 %.

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First detection of the protozoan parasite Bonamia exitiosa (Haplosporidia) infecting flat oyster Ostrea edulis grown in European waters

Cited by 65 publications

References 35 publications

Parasites in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivated in the estuary of the Graciosa River in Taperoá, Bahia

Parasites in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivated in the estuary of the Graciosa River in Taperoá, Bahia

Infection of Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum from Galicia (NW Spain) with a Mikrocytos-like parasite

Growth and health status of cultured edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) in the Panadura estuary, Sri Lanka

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