First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in Colombia and the complete genome sequence demonstrates the circulation of PCV3a1 and PCV3a2

Abstract

Porcine circovirus 3 ( PCV 3) was recently discovered and is a new species of the genus circovirus. Clinically, it is associated with absence of symptoms or with different clinical syndromes. It has been reported in different countries of America, Europe and Asia. Last year, in Colombia, some farms have reported symptoms similar to those caused by PCV 2. Samples were taken from two farms located in the centre of the country, and the presence of PCV 3 was determined by PCR in two samples, one from a pool of sera and another from mesenteric lymph node. The strains were fully sequenced (GenBank accession numbers MH 327784 and MH 327785) and classified into subgroups a1 and a2. According to this classification and its analysis, strain a2 is located within the group called “Linker” that may be evolving towards group “b”. In addition to the above, the two Colombian strains were compared with 104 strains reported in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree obtained grouped according to the classification of subgroups a1, a2, b1 and b2. It was found that subgroups a1 and a2 were well grouped when comparing whole genomes, but the same was not observed with the strains of group “b”. In the latter, no subgroups were evidenced when comparing complete genomes. It is suggested that a new classification of PCV 3 subgroups should be proposed, based on whole genome sequences. This is the first report of PCV 3 in Colombia and its complete genome sequence.

Pathogenicity and immune response against porcine circovirus type 3 infection in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

“…Since the first description of PCV3 in 2016, the presence of PCV3 in swine production systems has been demonstrated worldwide [5][6][7][8][9][10]23]. Original reports reported the presence of PCV3 in cases of sow mortality, lesions consistent with PDNS, reproductive failure and multisystemic inflammation [3,4].…”

“…Since the first description, PCV3 has been identified in clinical samples from most swine-producing countries in Europe, Asia and South America [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Reported clinical signs associated with the PCV3 infection vary; however, multisystemic inflammation and reproductive failure are the most relevant issues linked to PCV3 infection.…”

Next-Generation Sequencing Coupled With in situ Hybridization: A Novel Diagnostic Platform to Investigate Swine Emerging Pathogens and New Variants of Endemic Viruses

“…Since then, primers for q-PCR were developed based on the PCV3 genome sequence and have been used in countries from Asia (32–34), Europe (35, 36), and South America (37, 38). PCR positive results and ISH positive signals were detected in tissues sections from sows with PDNS and reproductive failure, in tissues from aborted fetuses, and in diverse samples from pigs with PMWS, especially in myocardium and arteries (39, 40).…”

Field infection of a gilt and its litter demonstrates vertical transmission and effect on reproductive failure caused by porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3)

“…Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been described as a new member of the family Circoviridae and the third member of the genus circovirus [ 1 ] , although porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) has recently been reported [ 2 ]. The first reports of PCV3 were made in the USA in 2015 [ 3 ] and later, its presence was described as associated with various clinical manifestations in other regions such as Europe [ 4 – 6 ], Asia [ 7 – 10 ] and South America [ 11 , 12 ]. One of the most relevant aspects of PCV3 is that it has been possible to identify it in many species.…”