First detection of ivermectin resistance in oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs

Macrelli, Michele; Williamson, Susanna; Mitchell, Siân; Pearson, Richard B.; Andrews, Leigh; Morrison, Alison A.; Nevel, Amanda; Smith, Richard P.; Bartley, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.002

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the present study, it is important to highlight that surviving females showed no signi cant suppression in fecundity at 1, 2 and 3 times dose, but reduction in egg generation has been observed from the rst day to 20 days after treatment at 4.8 times dose. Similar ndings (reduced fecundity by IVM treatment) were also obtained in sheep (Cooperia curticei) [24], cattle (Cooperia curticei) [25] and pig (Oesophagostomum dentatum) [16] nematodes. A recent study in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans showed that calcium signaling plays a crucial role in fertilization [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In addition, after 20 days of treatment at 0.4 mg/kg, the goats infected with Zhaosu strain were slaughtered to collect adults and calculate the worm burden. Percentage faecal egg count reduction (FECR) was determined according to the formula FECR (%) = 1-[T2/TI ] ×100 where T1 (before treatment) and T2 (post treatment) are the arithmetic mean egg counts in the group treated with IVM, respectively [16].…”

Section: Faecal Egg Reduction Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First detection and evaluation of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China

Tuersong¹,

Yan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In 2017 in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China, a series of sheep death suspected to have reduced the potency of ivermectin (IVM) have raised the vigilance of herdsmen. At the same time, veterinary practitioners warned of the potential risk of the lack of efficacy of IVM in the treatment of Haemonchus contortus. Methods: In this study, the efficacy of IVM against H. contortus was assessed under controlled experimental conditions by using larval developmental assay (LDA) and faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine whether the reduced efficacy in sheep in Zhaosu was caused by IVM resistance. Results: In total, 1560 adult worms were isolated from the abomasum of post mortem examination of dead sheep which received recent IVM (0.2 mg/kg) treatment before death and eggs were collected from female worms for usage in LDA. The LDA result revealed that significant difference in resistance ratio (RR) was detected between the IVM-susceptible and -resistant isolates (6.09 for Zhaosu strain) of H. contortus. The Zhaosu strain was maintained in laboratory for FECRT, which showed that the efficacy of IVM was 0% at 1, 2 and 3 times dose, but at 4.8 times dose, it reached 87.5% at 14 days post-treatment. Conclusion: The findings suggested that controlling H. contortus of small ruminants in Zhaosu requires an integrated parasite management strategy that should include monitoring of infection and anthelmintic resistance, and increasing the awareness of herdsmen on the importance of using the appropriate drug usage to improve nematode control in sheep.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Faecal Egg Reduction Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection and evaluation of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China

Tuersong¹,

Yan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Correct use of antiparasitic drugs is important to ensure good parasite control. Underdosing or treating pigs at un-strategic timepoints may not only result in treatment failure but may also select for resistance [20,23]. The most common practice in the surveyed farms was to treat sows prior to farrowing with either fenbendazole or ivermectin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally there are to date no reports of anthelmintic resistance in A. suum or T. suis, but there are several reports of drug resistance in Oesophagostomum spp. [19][20][21][22][23]. Resistance to toltrazuril has also been identified in C. suis, highlighting the necessity of responsible and more restrictive use of anticoccidial drugs [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management practices related to the control of gastrointestinal parasites on Swedish pig farms

et al. 2021

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Background Internal parasites are common in pigs worldwide and may induce clinical disease or subclinical infections with negative effects such as poor weight gain and reduced welfare, which in turn affect productivity. Effective parasite control to reduce the negative impact of parasitic infections demands a combination of antiparasitic drugs as well as various hygiene and biosecurity practices. The aim of this study was to obtain information on current management practices and parasite control routines used on Swedish pig farms using an online questionnaire. Results Antiparasitic drugs were used on 69% of the farms routinely and were mainly administered to sows just prior to farrowing. Less than 5% of the herds conducted faecal analysis for parasites. Batchwise, age segregated rearing was common and overall, it was practiced for piglets, growers, and fatteners on 88, 80 and 75% of the farms, respectively. Large and medium sized farms appeared to apply stricter hygiene and biosecurity measures to the growing pigs compared to small farms. Dry sows were mainly housed in groups on deep litter straw beds and cleaning, as well as disinfection, between each group was less common compared to what was practiced for growing pigs. Outdoor access was rare and only occurred on organic and small farms. Most of the farms, 54, 74 and 82% of small, medium, and large sized herds respectively, reported to have less than 5% white spot lesions, caused by migrating A. suum larvae, registered at slaughter. Conclusion Several risk factors for parasite infections, such as bedding material, group housing and solid floors, are mandatory requirements by national law. However, it was evident from this study that although strategic hygiene and biosecurity practices appeared common, they were not practiced in all herds and less so for dry sows. Antiparasitic drugs were used frequently and mainly through routine prophylactic treatments without prior testing for parasites. A holistic approach is necessary when designing efficient parasite control programs, and it is essential that management factors and routine monitoring of parasites are given attention. This to achieve efficient parasite control and reduce the risk of unnecessary use of antiparasitic drugs.

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“…Compared to ruminants and horses, drug resistance appears to be less common in swine helminths. However, resistance to benzimidazoles, levamisole, and the ML ivermectin has been reported in O. dentatum, and, given the high usage of anthelmintic drugs in conventional pig farms, resistance is likely to be either under-estimated or will likely increase in coming years [21,22].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Helminths In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging interactions between diet, gastrointestinal helminth infection, and the gut microbiota in livestock

et al. 2021

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Increasing evidence suggests that nutritional manipulation of the commensal gut microbiota (GM) may play a key role in maintaining animal health and production in an era of reduced antimicrobial usage. Gastrointestinal helminth infections impose a considerable burden on animal performance, and recent studies suggest that infection may substantially alter the composition and function of the GM. Here, we discuss the potential interactions between different bioactive dietary components (prebiotics, probiotics and phytonutrients) and helminth infection on the GM in livestock. A number of recent studies suggest that host diet can strongly influence the nature of the helminth-GM interaction. Nutritional manipulation of the GM may thus impact helminth infection, and conversely infection may also influence how the GM responds to dietary interventions. Moreover, a dynamic interaction exists between helminths, the GM, intestinal immune responses, and inflammation. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the diet-GM-helminth axis will likely inform future helminth control strategies, as well as having implications for how health-promoting feed additives, such as probiotics, can play a role in sustainable animal production.

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First detection of ivermectin resistance in oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

First detection and evaluation of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China

First detection and evaluation of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China

Management practices related to the control of gastrointestinal parasites on Swedish pig farms

Emerging interactions between diet, gastrointestinal helminth infection, and the gut microbiota in livestock

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