First Detection of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> in Cerebrospinal Fluid From a Nonthrombocytopenic Dog with Meningoencephalitis By Broad‐Range <scp>PCR</scp>

Kaewmongkol, Gunn; Maneesaay, Phudit; Suwanna, Nirut; Tiraphut, B.; Chouybumrung, A.; Kaewmongkol, Sarawan; Sirinarumitr, Theerapol; Jittapalapong, Sathaporn; Fenwick, Stanley G.

doi:10.1111/jvim.13788

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…E canis morulae have rarely been reported in the CSF of dogs with CNS signs, and when reported, they were detected within mononuclear cells . In this case, although numerous reactive CSF monocytes and macrophages were noted, the typical E canis morulae were noted only within CSF eosinophils, and not within the mononuclear cells, as is typically described in CME.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, the authors did not perform a molecular investigation for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis; and therefore, neither of these infectious agents were ruled out as causative agents. The CSF total protein and TNCC in the present case were much higher, and eosinophils were not detected in the mild pleocytosis of the former case …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…A similar case of a dog with neurologic abnormalities was recently reported. This dog had E canis morulae in the CSF, tested positive for E canis by CSF PCR, and had increased CSF total protein (197 mg/dL) and a TNCC (34 cell/μL), and absence of thrombocytopenia . However, the authors did not perform a molecular investigation for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis; and therefore, neither of these infectious agents were ruled out as causative agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CME can cause meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which are associated with thrombocytopenia‐induced meningeal bleeding in dogs . However, neurologic manifestations of CME are considered uncommon .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neospora caninum and Ehrlichia canis co‐infection in a dog with meningoencephalitis

Aroch

Baneth

Salant

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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An 8-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented for acute, progressive weakness and ataxia, inappetence, and weight loss. The patient was mentally normal, but nonambulatory, with a right head tilt, right positional ventral strabismus, and slight head tremors. A neurologic lesion was localized to the cerebellum and right brainstem. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a markedly increased protein concentration and mixed pleocytosis, with eosinophil predominance (44%), intracytoplasmic inclusions within eosinophils, consistent with Ehrlichia canis (E canis) morulae, and Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) or Neospora caninum (N caninum) tachyzoites within eosinophils and monocytes. A serum indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was positive for N caninum (titer 1:12 800) and negative for T gondii. Both blood and CSF PCR results were N caninum- and E canis-positive and T gondii- and Anaplasma phagocytophilum-negative, and blood PCR, but not CSF PCR, was Hepatozoon canis-positive. The dog was treated for 30 days with clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, doxycycline, prednisone, and cephalosporin, but did not improve neurologically, and was euthanized. Brain histopathology showed moderate multifocal, subacute meningoencephalitis with necrosis and gliosis. The neurologic disease was mostly attributed to central nervous system (CNS) neosporosis, with the possible contribution of ehrlichiosis, which was likely a manifestation of blood-brain barrier disruption. Hepatozoonosis was probably a result or cause of underlying immunosuppression. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CNSN caninum and E canis co-infection detected by both CSF PCR and cytology and E canis morulae identified within CSF eosinophils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neospora caninum and Ehrlichia canis co‐infection in a dog with meningoencephalitis

Aroch

Baneth

Salant

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…The greater lipophilic properties and high tissue concentrations of minocycline could be beneficial in E. canis treatment as compared to doxycycline . This may be especially true if E. canis has invaded the central nervous system …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Minocycline in Naturally Occurring Nonacute Ehrlichia canis Infection in Dogs

Jenkins

Ketzis

Dundas

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundMinocycline has been used in the treatment of Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs as an alternative to doxycycline, the recommended treatment. However, efficacy of this alternative therapy is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of minocycline in the treatment of natural occurring E. canis infection in dogs.AnimalsTen privately owned dogs of mixed breed positive for E. canis by blood PCR.MethodsProspective, randomized clinical study. Dogs positive for E. canis by PCR were housed in a kennel environment and randomly allocated to receive doxycycline 10 mg/kg bodyweight PO once daily (“gold standard” control group) or minocycline (extralabel) 10 mg/kg bodyweight PO twice daily (treatment test group) for 28 days. Blood, analyzed by PCR to determine the presence or absence of E. canis DNA, was collected weekly during treatment starting on the first day of treatment and including through day 35, 7 days after the last treatment.ResultsIn both groups, one dog tested negative after 7 days of treatment. For the doxycycline group, the latest time to a negative PCR test was after 3 weeks of treatment. For the minocycline group, the latest time was on day 28 of treatment. All dogs tested negative 7 days after the end of treatment.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceMinocycline can be an effective alternative to doxycycline for clearing E. canis from the blood in nonacute infections.

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Ehrlichiosis

Harrus¹,

Waner²,

Mylonakis³

et al. 2021

Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat

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First Detection of Ehrlichia canis in Cerebrospinal Fluid From a Nonthrombocytopenic Dog with Meningoencephalitis By Broad‐Range PCR

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Neospora caninum and Ehrlichia canis co‐infection in a dog with meningoencephalitis

Neospora caninum and Ehrlichia canis co‐infection in a dog with meningoencephalitis

Efficacy of Minocycline in Naturally Occurring Nonacute Ehrlichia canis Infection in Dogs

Ehrlichiosis

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