First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

Madslien, Knut; Moldal, Torfinn; Gjerset, Britt; Gudmundsson, Sveinn; Follestad, Arne; Whittard, Elliot; Tronerud, Ole-Herman; Dean, Katharine R.; Åkerstedt, Johan; Jørgensen, Hannah Joan; Neves, Carlos Gonçalo das; Rømo, Grim

doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02928-4

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks have become increasingly frequent in wild bird populations and have caused mass mortality in many wild bird species [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Recently circulating HPAI H5 viruses descending from the A/Goose/ Guangdong/1/1996 (GsGd) lineage, principally HPAI H5N8 and H5N1 viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4, were responsible for the latest outbreak events [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses from the 2020/2021 Epizootic in Wild Ducks and Geese

Caliendo¹,

Leijten²,

Bildt³

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks have become increasingly frequent in wild bird populations and have caused mass mortality in many wild bird species. The 2020/2021 epizootic was the largest and most deadly ever reported in Europe, and many new bird species tested positive for HPAI virus for the first time. This study investigated the tropism of HPAI virus in wild birds. We tested the pattern of virus attachment of 2020 H5N8 virus to intestinal and respiratory tissues of key bird species; and characterized pathology of naturally infected Eurasian wigeons (Mareca penelope) and barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). This study determined that 2020 H5N8 virus had a high level of attachment to the intestinal epithelium (enterotropism) of dabbling ducks and geese and retained attachment to airway epithelium (respirotropism). Natural HPAI 2020 H5 virus infection in Eurasian wigeons and barnacle geese also showed a high level of neurotropism, as both species presented with brain lesions that co-localized with virus antigen expression. We concluded that the combination of respirotropism, neurotropism, and possibly enterotropism, contributed to the successful adaptation of 2020/2021 HPAI H5 viruses to wild waterbird populations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses from the 2020/2021 Epizootic in Wild Ducks and Geese

Caliendo¹,

Leijten²,

Bildt³

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…26 In the case of HPAIV, natural infection has been reported in great skuas, European herring gulls, black-headed gulls, and great black-backed gulls ( Larus marinus ). 1,2,7,13,15,37,41,43 Intestinal infections have rarely been observed with experimental studies using H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses in common gulls 24 and laughing gulls infected with an “Eurasian-lineage” of H5N1. 9 However, the cellular tropism of HPAIV has not been reviewed in detail in the previous studies, hence limiting the understanding of the pathobiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in skua and gulls in the United Kingdom, 2022

Lean,

Falchieri,

Furman

et al. 2023

Vet Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The reemergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 in the United Kingdom in 2021–2022 has caused unprecedented epizootic events in wild birds and poultry. During the summer of 2022, there was a shift in virus transmission dynamics resulting in increased HPAIV infection in seabirds, and consequently, a profound impact on seabird populations. To understand the pathological impact of HPAIV in seabirds, we evaluated the virus antigen distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of great skua ( Stercorarius skua, n = 8), long-tailed skua ( Stercorarius longicaudus, n = 1), European herring gull ( Larus argentatus, n = 5), and black-headed gull ( Chroicocephalus ridibundus, n = 4), which succumbed to natural infection of HPAIV during the summer of 2022. Cases were collected from Shetland, including Scatness (mainland), No Ness (mainland), Clumlie (mainland), Hermaness (island), Fair Isle (island), Noss (island), and the West Midlands, South East, and South West of England. Grossly, gizzard ulceration was observed in one great skua and pancreatic necrosis was observed in 4 herring gulls, with intralesional viral antigen detected subsequently. Microscopical analysis revealed neuro-, pneumo-, lymphoid-, and cardiomyotropism of HPAIV H5N1, with the most common virus-associated pathological changes being pancreatic and splenic necrosis. Examination of the reproductive tract of the great skua revealed HPAIV-associated oophoritis and salpingitis, and virus replication within the oviductal epithelium. The emergence of HPAIV in seabirds Stercorariidae and Laridae, particularly during summer 2022, has challenged the dogma of HPAIV dynamics, posing a significant threat to wild bird life with potential implications for the reproductive performance of seabirds of conservation importance.

show abstract

“…25 For HPAIV, natural infection has been reported in great skuas, European herring gulls, black-headed gulls, and great black-backed gulls ( Larus marinus ). 1,2,6,12,15,34,37,39 The most common and severe pathology in all birds examined was pancreatic necrosis associated with viral infection (except for in the black-headed gull where the pancreas was unavailable), followed by splenic necrosis and pneumonia (except in the long tailed skua). Such lesions are like those reported from experimentally challenged common gulls with H5N1, plus naturally infected black headed gulls and herring gulls, together with a recent report of naturally infected sandwich terns ( Thalasseus sandvicensis ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the unusual increased in cases during summer 2022, HPAIV-associated disease in the Laridae has been sporadically reported in East Asia and Europe, often in small numbers. 1,2,12,15,34,36,37,39 More recently there has been an increased detection of HPAI positive seabirds or Charadriiformes, 16,27 and critically, mortality events in seabirds associated with HPAIV infection reported in the UK, Europe and North America. 5,6,44 Data collected through the avian influenza wild bird passive surveillance in Great Britain have shown a rise in high pathogenicity H5Nx positive birds within the Laridae family from 1.3% during the 2020-2021 season and up to 15% within the 2021-2022 season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Prior to the unusual increased in cases during summer 2022, HPAIV-associated disease in the Laridae has been sporadically reported in East Asia and Europe, often in small numbers. 1,2,12,15,34,36,37,39 More recently there has been an increased detection of HPAI positive seabirds or Charadriiformes, 16,27 and critically, mortality events in seabirds associated with HPAIV infection reported in the UK, Europe and North America. 5,6,44 One of the hypotheses for the enzootic transmission of HPAIV in wild birds in Europe is the maintenance in wild birds during summer in Northern Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathology of naturally acquired high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in seabirds

Lean

Falchieri²,

Furman

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The re-emergence of the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 in the United Kingdom in 2021-2022 has caused unprecedented epizootic events in wild birds and poultry. During the summer of 2022 there was a shift in virus transmission dynamics resulting in increased HPAIV infection in seabirds and consequently a profound impact on seabird populations. To understand the pathological impact of HPAIV in seabirds, we have evaluated the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of great skua (Stercorarius skua, n=8), long tailed skua (Stercorarius longicaudus, n=1), European herring gull (Larus argentatus, n=5), and black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus, n=4). Grossly there was gizzard ulceration in one great skua and pancreatic necrosis in four herring gulls, which were confirmed for virus infection in situ by immunohistochemistry. Microscopical analysis revealed neuro-, pneumo-, lymphoid- and cardiotropism of HPAIV H5N1, with the most common virus-associated pathological changes being pancreatic and splenic necrosis. Examination of the reproductive tract of the great skua revealed HPAIV-associated oophoritis and salpingitis, and virus replication within the oviductal epithelium. Across the birds, epitheliotropism was evident in the intestine, nasal turbinate, and trachea. This was, in contrast, not observed in the 2021 summer mortality event in great skuas and may be significant for the disease epidemiology observed in 2022. The emergence of HPAIV in seabirds, particularly during summer 2022, has challenged the dogma of HPAIV dynamics, posing a significant threat to wild bird life with potential implications to the reproductive performance of seabirds of conservation importance.

show abstract

First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Tropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses from the 2020/2021 Epizootic in Wild Ducks and Geese

Tropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses from the 2020/2021 Epizootic in Wild Ducks and Geese

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in skua and gulls in the United Kingdom, 2022

Pathology of naturally acquired high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in seabirds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About