First detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected cat in France

Sailleau, Corinne; Dumarest, Marine; Vanhomwegen, Jessica; Delaplace, Manon; Caro, Valérie; Kwasiborski, Aurélia; Hourdel, Véronique; Chevaillier, Patrick; Barbarino, Alix; Comtet, Loïc; Pourquier, Philippe; Klonjkowski, Bernard; Manuguerra, Jean-Claude; Zientara, Stéphan; Lepoder, Sophie

doi:10.22541/au.158990358.89168563

Cited by 56 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the USA and in Hong Kong, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in dogs (23). In the Netherlands, France, Hong Kong, Belgium and the USA, cats have tested positive by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 (24)(25)(26)(27). Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in four tigers and three lions in a zoo in New York (28).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Munnink

Sikkema

Nieuwenhuijse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The zoonotic origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still unknown. Animal experiments have shown that non-human primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits and bats can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and humans living or working on these farms, using whole genome sequencing. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. At the moment, despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance and immediate culling of infected farms, there is ongoing transmission between mink farms with three big transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. We also describe the first animal to human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms.One sentence summarySARS-CoV-2 transmission on mink farms.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Munnink

Sikkema

Nieuwenhuijse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…pandemic, naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 infections linked to transmission from humans have been reported in domestic cats (1,2), non-domestic cats (3), dogs (4) and mink (5). In addition, in vivo experiments have shown that while cats, ferrets and hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, ducks, chickens and pigs are apparently not susceptible (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Respiratory disease in cats associated with human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK

Hosie

Epifano

Herder

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Two cats from different COVID-19-infected households in the UK were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 from humans, demonstrated by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and viral genome sequencing. Lung tissue collected post-mortem from cat 1 displayed pathological and histological findings consistent with viral pneumonia and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigens and RNA. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in an oropharyngeal swab collected from cat 2 that presented with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. High throughput sequencing of the virus from cat 2 revealed that the feline viral genome contained five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to the nearest UK human SARS-CoV-2 sequence, and this human virus contained eight SNPs compared to the original Wuhan-Hu-1 reference. An analysis of the viral genome of cat 2 together with nine other feline-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequences from around the world revealed no shared cat-specific mutations. These findings indicate that human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, with the infected cats developing mild or severe respiratory disease. Given the versatility of the new coronavirus, it will be important to monitor for human-to-cat, cat-to-cat and cat-to-human transmission.

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“…SPI1), IRFs, and NF-κB1/2 in the promoter of regions of IL-6 and ACE2 gene orthologs [50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. We extracted the primal promoter sequences from IL-6 and ACE2 genes from 25 representative vertebrate species, which contain ten previously validated SARS-CoV2-susceptible species and other naturally unsusceptible species based on collected evidence [26][27][28][29][30]. As shown in Figure 3, all three types of CREs (i.e.…”

Section: Cross-species Comparison Of Key Cis-regulatory Elements (Crementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concern emphasizes: (1) the identification of reservoir animal species that originally passing SARS-CoV2 to humans; and (2) potential risks of infected people passing the virus to animals, particularly domestic species, to form an amplifying zoonotic cycle and exacerbate SARS-CoV2 evolution and cross-species transmission [20,21]. Recent studies provided evidence that domestic cats and dogs could be virally or serologically positive for SARS-CoV2 [22][23][24][25][26][27][28], as were several Bronx zoo tigers [29]. Several studies, using experimental inoculations of human SARS-CoV2 isolates, demonstrated that ferrets, hamsters, domestic cats and some non-human primate species were susceptible to human SARS-CoV2 strains; however, pigs, alpacas, and (putatively) cattle are not [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Evolution of ACE2 and IL-6 Genes as Non-Canonical Interferon-Stimulated Genes Correlate to COVID-19 Susceptibility in Vertebrates

Sang

Tian

Miller

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Current novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally within a matter of months. The virus establishes a success in balancing its deadliness and contagiousness, and causes substantial differences in susceptibility and disease progression in people of different ages, genders and pre-existing comorbidities. Since these host factors are subjected to epigenetic regulation, relevant analyses on some key genes underlying COVID-19 pathogenesis were performed to longitudinally decipher their epigenetic correlation to COVID-19 susceptibility. The genes of host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, as the major virus receptor) and interleukin (IL)-6 (a key immune-pathological factor triggering cytokine storm) were shown to evince active epigenetic evolution via histone modification and cis/trans-factors interaction across different vertebrate species. Extensive analyses revealed that ACE2 ad IL-6 genes are among a subset of non-canonical interferon-stimulated genes (non-ISGs), which have been designated recently for their unconventional responses to interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory stimuli through an epigenetic cascade. Furthermore, significantly higher positive histone modification markers and position weight matrix (PWM) scores of key cis-elements corresponding to inflammatory and IFN signaling, were discovered in both ACE2 and IL6 gene promoters across representative COVID-19-susceptible species compared to unsusceptible ones. Findings characterize ACE2 and IL-6 genes as non-ISGs that respond differently to inflammatory and IFN signaling from the canonical ISGs and their epigenetic properties may serve as biomarkers to longitudinally predict COVID-19 susceptibility in vertebrates and partially explain COVID-19 inequality in people of different subgroups.

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First detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected cat in France

Cited by 56 publications

References 3 publications

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Respiratory disease in cats associated with human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK

Epigenetic Evolution of ACE2 and IL-6 Genes as Non-Canonical Interferon-Stimulated Genes Correlate to COVID-19 Susceptibility in Vertebrates

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