First detection and genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus 2, 4, and 5 in China

Xie, Jinxin; Tong, Panpan; Zhang, Lei; Ren, Meiling; Song, Xiaozhen; Jia, Chenyang; Palidan, Nuerlan; Zhang, Li; Ling, Kai

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05003-3

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Five of the ten infected horses in the Danish outbreak were younger than one year, which is slightly higher than the prevalence observed in other studies ranging from 35-46% of the infected horses (3,8). However, an outbreak in China showed that only foals was infected (15). In our study, it was observed that the horses classi ed as subclinical to mildly affected all were all above ten years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Outbreak of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in Denmark: tracing patient zero and viral characterization

Ryt-Hansen,

Johansen,

Cuicani

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) causes respiratory disease in horses, and the virus is considered endemic in the global equine population. However, outbreaks can occur when several horses are gathered in relation to shows, competitions, breeding units and at hospitals. In the spring year 2022, an EHV-4 outbreak occurred at the Large Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Nine horses were tested EHV-4 positive during the outbreak, which lasted approx. seven weeks. In addition, a tenth horse “Eq10” tested EHV-4 positive almost three weeks after the last of the outbreak horses tested positive. Detailed clinical registrations were obtained from all ten horses as well as their location and movement during hospitalization. Nasal swabs were obtained throughout the outbreak and tested by real-time qPCR for EHV-4. Additionally, pre- and post-infection sera were tested for the presence of EHV-4 antibodies. Selected samples were characterized by partial and full genome sequencing. Results: The most common clinical signs of the EHV-4 infected horses during this outbreak were pyrexia, nasal discharge, mandibular lymphadenopathy and increased lung sounds upon auscultation. Based on the locations of the horses, EHV-4 detection and antibody responses the most likely “patient zero” was identified as being “Eq1”. Partial genome sequencing revealed that Eq10 was infected by another wild type EHV-4 strain, suggesting that the hospital was able to eliminate the outbreak by testing and reinforcing biosecurity measures. The complete genome sequence of the outbreak strain was obtained and revealed a closer relation to Australian and Japanese EHV-4 strains rather than to other European EHV-4 strains. Conclusion: The study illustrated the transmission of EHV-4 within an equine facility/hospital and provided new insights into the viral shedding, antibody responses and clinical signs related to EHV-4 infections. Finally, sequencing proved a useful tool in understanding the transmission within the hospital, and in characterizing of the outbreak strain.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Outbreak of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in Denmark: tracing patient zero and viral characterization

Ryt-Hansen,

Johansen,

Cuicani

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given that these three viruses were detected in the EHV-1 positive aborted samples, there is the need to isolate them in order to demonstrate whether they can be the cause of abortion in Yili horses. In this context, a previous study actually noted that these three viruses circulated in thoroughbred foals with respiratory diseases in North Xinjiang [ 27 ], but here, the detection of these strains is being reported for the first time in abortion cases of horses in North Xinjiang. Therefore, based on the results, it can be concluded that EHV-2, EHV-4 and EHV-5 might contribute to abortions and respiratory diseases in the horses of Xinjiang, China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Outbreak of neuropathogenic equid herpesvirus 1 causing abortions in Yili horses of Zhaosu, North Xinjiang, China

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background EHV-1 is one of the most serious viral pathogens that frequently cause abortion in horses around the world. However, so far, relatively little information is available on EHV-1 infections as they occur in China. In January 2021, during an abortion storm which occurred in Yili horses at the Chinese State Studs of Zhaosu (North Xinjiang, China), 43 out of 800 pregnant mares aborted. Results PCR detection revealed the presence of EHV-1 in all samples as the possible cause of all abortions, although EHV-4, EHV-2 and EHV-5 were also found to circulate in the aborted fetuses. Furthermore, the partial ORF33 sequences of the 43 EHV-1 shared 99.3–100% and 99.0–100% similarity in nucleotide and amino acid sequences respectively. These sequences not only indicated a highly conserved region but also allowed the strains to group into six clusters. In addition, based on the predicted ORF30 nucleotide sequence, it was found that all the strains carried a guanine at the 2254 nucleotide position (aspartic acid at position 752 of the viral DNA polymerase) and were, therefore, identified as neuropathogenic strains. Conclusion This study is the first one that establishes EHV-1 as the cause of abortions in Yili horses, of China. Further characterization of the ORF30 sequences revealed that all the EHV-1 strains from the study carried the neuropathogenic genotype. Totally, neuropathogenic EHV-1 infection in China’s horse population should be concerned although the virus only detected in Yili horse abortions.

show abstract

“…H3N8 EIV has previously been identi ed as being associated with respiratory illness among Chinese horses [23], but this virus was undetectable in nasal swabs from horses in north Xinjiang during the 2021-2023 outbreak discussed herein. Another recent publication focused on Xinjiang detected EHV-4, -2, and − 5 in nasal swabs from thoroughbred foals exhibiting respiratory symptoms [24]. In the present study, EHV-4, -2, and − 5 were respectively detected in 9.4%, 13.8%, and 9.4% of nasal swabs from horses with respiratory symptoms, but they were also detected in 5.1%, 11.1%, and 16.6% of nasal swabs from healthy horses, thus suggesting that these three viruses were not responsible for this outbreak of equine respiratory disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Neuropathogenic Equid Herpesvirus 1 as a Potential Cause of Respiratory Disease Outbreaks among Horses in North Xinjiang, China, from 2021-2023

Tong,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is among the most important viruses responsible for respiratory disease outbreaks among horses throughout the world. No reports to date have detailed the association between EHV-1 and respiratory disease among horses in China. This study described one such outbreak among a population of horses in north Xinjiang that occurred from April 2021 - May 2023. Results: qPCR revealed that EHV-1 was detectable in all samples and this virus was identified as a possible source of respiratory disease, although a limited subset of these samples were also positive for EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5. In total, three EHV-1 strains responsible for causing respiratory illness in horses were isolated successfully, and full-length ORF33 sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these isolates may have originated from EHV-1 strains detected in Yili horse abortions. ORF30 sequence data additionally suggested that these strains were neuropathic, as evidenced by the presence of a guanine residue at nucleotide position 2254 corresponding to the aspartic acid present at position 752 in the DNA polymerase encoded by this virus. Conclusion: This study is the first report of an outbreak of respiratory disease among horses in China caused by EHV-1. ORF30 sequence characterization revealed that these EHV-1 strains harbored a neuropathogenic genotype. Given the detection of this virus in both aborted equine fetuses and in horses suffering from respiratory disease, concern is warranted with respect to this neuropathogenic EHV-1 outbreak.

show abstract

First detection and genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus 2, 4, and 5 in China

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Outbreak of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in Denmark: tracing patient zero and viral characterization

Outbreak of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in Denmark: tracing patient zero and viral characterization

Outbreak of neuropathogenic equid herpesvirus 1 causing abortions in Yili horses of Zhaosu, North Xinjiang, China

Identification of Neuropathogenic Equid Herpesvirus 1 as a Potential Cause of Respiratory Disease Outbreaks among Horses in North Xinjiang, China, from 2021-2023

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About