First description of gastroenteritis viruses in Lebanese children: A pilot study

Al-Ali, Randa Meraabi; Chehadeh, Wassim; Hamzé, Monzer; Dabboussi, Fouad; Hlais, Sani; Mallat, Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2011.01.002

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our results are compatible with global reports in which most cases of NoV-associated gastroenteritis were attributable to GII.4[23-25], and co-circulating with other genotypes[13,26-28]. Locally, NoV GII has been previously reported in five Lebanese children less than ten years old[29]. Regionally, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), several studies have recently assessed the prevalence of NoV among hospitalized children aged < 5 years (hospitalized due to signs of acute gastroenteritis).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon

Melhem

Zaraket

Kreidieh

et al. 2016

WJG

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AIMTo assess the burden of norovirus (NoV) and to determine the diversity of circulating strains among hospitalized children in Lebanon.METHODSStool samples were collected from children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to six major hospitals in Lebanon. A total of 739 eligible stool samples, testing negative for diarrhea caused by rotavirus as a possible viral pathogen, were collected between January 2011 and June 2013. A standardized questionnaire including demographic, epidemiological and clinical observations was used at the time of hospitalization of children presenting with diarrhea. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of a fragment of the viral protein 1 capsid gene. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA 6 software.RESULTSOverall, 11.2% of stool samples collected from children aged < 5 years tested positive for NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). GII accounted for 10.6% of the gastroenteritis cases with only five samples being positive for GI (0.7%). The majority of hospitalized children showed symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and fever. Upon sequencing of positive samples and based on their clustering in the phylogenetic tree, 4/5 of GI gastroenteritis cases were designated GI.3 and one case as GI.4. GII.4 was predominantly detected in stool of our study participants (68%). We report a JB-15/KOR/2008 GII.4 Apeldoorn 2008-like variant strain circulating in 2011; this strain was replaced between 2012 and 2013 by a variant sharing homology with the Sydney/NSW0514/2012/AUS GII.4 Sydney 2012 and Sydney 2012/FRA GII.4 strains. We also report the co-circulation of non-GII.4 genotypes among hospitalized children. Our data show that NoV gastroenteritis can occur throughout the year with the highest number of cases detected during the hot months.CONCLUSIONThe majority of NoV-associated viral gastroenteritis cases among our participants are attributable to GII.4, which is compatible with results reported worldwide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon

Melhem

Zaraket

Kreidieh

et al. 2016

WJG

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“…Circumstantial evidence indicates that HuNoV infections are more severe in the context of malnutrition—HuNoV infections are responsible for 3 to 20% of pediatric diarrheal cases that require hospitalization in developing countries (41–52), whereas HuNoV-infected children in industrialized nations develop self-limited gastroenteritis that rarely requires treatment. Data from our new model of MNV infection in malnourished mice provide unequivocal evidence of nutrition-regulated NoV susceptibility: malnourished mice developed more severe MNV-1 infections as evidenced by weight loss (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Malnutrition on Norovirus Infection

Hickman

Jones

Zhu

et al. 2014

mBio

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Human noroviruses are the primary cause of severe childhood diarrhea in the United States, and they are of particular clinical importance in pediatric populations in the developing world. A major contributing factor to the general increased severity of infectious diseases in these regions is malnutrition—nutritional status shapes host immune responses and the composition of the host intestinal microbiota, both of which can influence the outcome of pathogenic infections. In terms of enteric norovirus infections, mucosal immunity and intestinal microbes are likely to contribute to the infection outcome in substantial ways. We probed these interactions using a murine model of malnutrition and murine norovirus infection. Our results reveal that malnutrition is associated with more severe norovirus infections as defined by weight loss, impaired control of norovirus infections, reduced antiviral antibody responses, loss of protective immunity, and enhanced viral evolution. Moreover, the microbiota is dramatically altered by malnutrition. Interestingly, murine norovirus infection also causes changes in the host microbial composition within the intestine but only in healthy mice. In fact, the infection-associated microbiota resembles the malnutrition-associated microbiota. Collectively, these findings represent an extensive characterization of a new malnutrition model of norovirus infection that will ultimately facilitate elucidation of the nutritionally regulated host parameters that predispose to more severe infections and impaired memory immune responses. In a broad sense, this model may provide insight into the reduced efficacy of oral vaccines in malnourished hosts and the potential for malnourished individuals to act as reservoirs of emergent virus strains.

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“…In Tunisia, RV and NV were detected in 22.5 % and 17 % of the fecal samples collected from children with acute diarrhea (Meraabi et al 2011), in Saudi Arabia 50 % of gastroenteritis cases were associated with virus infection, the RV was more prevalent in patients, followed by adenovirus, NV and astrovirus (Meraabi et al 2011) and in Brazil, RV was associated with 12-42 % of hospitalized acute cases of diarrhea in children (Strinaa et al 2012). In Yanga et al 2010 study, NV was detected in 14.6 % and RV in 20.2 % of all fecal samples.…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Diarrhea is considered the second leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years old and enteric viruses are the most important etiological agents of acute diarrhea disease (ADD) in children all around the world. Within these, the Group A of Rotavirus (RV) has been recognized as the most prevalent, but other viruses such as astrovirus, enteric adenovirus and norovirus (NV), have also been reported (Wilhelmi et al 2003, Meraabi et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, NV has been considered the most important cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, the second most important cause of endemic gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide and a common cause of sporadic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in individuals of all ages. The overall clinical burden caused by NV infection is thought to be milder than the one given by RV (Beersma et al 2009, Yanga et al 2010 because RV infections are known to be more severe and more often associated with a complicated course (Donaldson et al 2008, Ciarlet & Schödel 2009, Lin et al 2010, Meraabi et al 2011, Rivera et al 2011, Wiegering et al 2011, Solano-Aguilar et al 2012 One of the main reasons of the important prevalence of those viruses is their route of infection. The fecal-oral route is the common route of transmission, typically through food, water or contaminated surfaces; but person-to-person transmission, by direct contact or exposure to aerosols from vomit, are also important (Wilhelmi et al 2003, Wu et al 2008, Ribes & Buesa 2010, Wiegering et al 2011, Lopman et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus, the principal cause of viral diarrhea in two regions of Colombia

Fernández

Ulloa²,

Meneses³

et al. 2014

Univ. Sci.

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Rotavirus is recognized worldwide as the main and most important viral pathogen associated with diarrhea in children while norovirus is considered the second cause of epidemic diarrhea in developed countries. Here, we present a comparative study on the prevalence of rotavirus and norovirus in two regions of Colombia: Chocó and Cundinamarca. Five hundred and thirty stool samples were collected; 330 in Cundinamarca and 200 in Chocó. In the sample set from Chocó, 6 % of the samples presented rotavirus and 8 % norovirus; meanwhile, 9.7 % of the samples from Bogotá presented rotavirus and 9 % norovirus. These results show that, in some regions of Colombia, the prevalence of norovirus is similar or slightly higher than rotavirus. This is a tendency that should be examined in other non-developed countries as it suggests that the presence of norovirus should also be under surveillance.

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First description of gastroenteritis viruses in Lebanese children: A pilot study

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon

The Effect of Malnutrition on Norovirus Infection

Norovirus, the principal cause of viral diarrhea in two regions of Colombia

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