First cross-border trial of quantum key distribution sharing fiber line with data and accurate time transmissions

Vojtěch, Josef; Vohnout, Rudolf; Havliš, Ondřej; Pospisil, Petr; Šlapák, Martin; Velc, Radek; Altmannová, Lada; Horváth, Tomáš; Kundrát, Jan; Hazlinsky, Michal; Andriantsarazo, Elisabeth; Ridlichowski, Piotr

doi:10.1117/12.2633616

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The WR Switch has been installed in Ostrava and the WR LEN terminal unit in Ciezsyn. A ground-breaking milestone was reached at the beginning of July 2021 when in parallel data, precise time, and QKD were established over the cross/border line Ostrava and Ciezsyn, a more detailed description can be found in [6]. Very precise timing and optical frequency are essential for both QKD [6,7] and security & sensing applications.…”

Section: Czech Infrastructure For Time and Frequency -Citafmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ground-breaking milestone was reached at the beginning of July 2021 when in parallel data, precise time, and QKD were established over the cross/border line Ostrava and Ciezsyn, a more detailed description can be found in [6]. Very precise timing and optical frequency are essential for both QKD [6,7] and security & sensing applications. The next milestone has been reached at the end of October 2021, when WR technology was deployed in the section between Brno and Bratislava on the dedicated channel 32 (1551.72 nm) again with the Open Line system Czech Light™.…”

Section: Czech Infrastructure For Time and Frequency -Citafmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National infrastructure for dissemination of precise time and ultra-stable optical frequency also aiming to connect quantum sources: CITAF

Vojtech,

Smotlacha,

Havlis

et al. 2023

Quantum Optics and Photon Counting 2023

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There has been an increased focus on precise time and frequency transmission dissemination at a national and international level recently. We would like to present the situation in the Czech Republic, our strategy, approach, and our experience with a non-commercial, cost-effective solution that utilizes shared optical networks. The presented solution provides accurate time and stable frequency at a lower operational cost, utilizing the shared spectrum of the CESNET3 network infrastructure. We are committed to future developments and upgrades that will include the next wavelength bands and geographic extensions. Additionally, we have implemented bidirectional dark channels on various wavebands, which utilize shared leased fibers and offer bidirectional compensation for fiber losses. However, operating precise time and frequency requires a single path with bidirectional amplification performed by optical amplifiers, which are sensitive to feedback from the fiber line induced by back-scattering, and reflections, and which can cause unwanted oscillations. We have addressed this issue by carefully solving the interference with parallel data transmissions. In summary, we have implemented a cost-effective solution for precise time and frequency dissemination in the Czech Republic, which utilizes shared optical networks. We are committed to future developments, and we are also part of a consortium that plans to realize a Pan-European network to offer time and frequency services to a broad range of users.

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Section: Czech Infrastructure For Time and Frequency -Citafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Czech Infrastructure For Time and Frequency -Citafmentioning

confidence: 99%

National infrastructure for dissemination of precise time and ultra-stable optical frequency also aiming to connect quantum sources: CITAF

Vojtech,

Smotlacha,

Havlis

et al. 2023

Quantum Optics and Photon Counting 2023

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“…White Rabbit system for the transmission of ultra-stable variables on the first international link among Prague, Ostrava and Ciezsyn (Poland) on dedicated channel has been implemented into the infrastructure at the end of April 2021. A ground breaking milestone was reached in the beginning of July 2021 when in parallel data, precise time and QKD were established over the cross border line Ostrava and Ciezsyn, more detailed description can be found in [6]. Very precise timing and optical frequency is essential for both QKD [6,7] and, security & sensing applications.…”

Section: Precise Time and Quantum Key Distribution Transfer Sharing S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ground breaking milestone was reached in the beginning of July 2021 when in parallel data, precise time and QKD were established over the cross border line Ostrava and Ciezsyn, more detailed description can be found in [6]. Very precise timing and optical frequency is essential for both QKD [6,7] and, security & sensing applications.…”

Section: Precise Time and Quantum Key Distribution Transfer Sharing S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Description in [6] shows how to heuristically detect lasing from the beat note spectral analysis, and how to optimise gains of bi-directional amplifiers to achieve the best beat note and long EDFA pump life. Our setup for the beat note evaluation (added to the setup used for Doppler noise cancellation) is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Tf Polygon and Spontaneous Lasing Of Optical Pathmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National infrastructure for dissemination of precise time and interconnection of quantum sources of ultra-stable optical frequency CITAF

Vojtěch

Havliš²,

Šlapák³

et al. 2022

22nd Polish-Slovak-Czech Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics

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Precise Time and Frequency dissemination and its essential infrastructure on national or even international level are being focused recently. We present here the situation in Czechia, our strategy and approach to contribute with experience of non-commercial solution, open activity utilizing optical networks shared with other data traffic. The cost efficient solution of accurate time and very stable frequency is realized, and operated within shared spectrum of CESNET network infrastructure; the costs are under control then. We are focused on future developments, plans, upgrades concerning wavelength bands and geographic solutions and extensions. Bidirectional dark channels on various wavebands, we do realize them to utilize shared leased fibres, bidirectional compensation of the fibre losses is the benefit or must for these solutions. When operating precise Time and Frequency, single path with bidirectional amplification performed by optical amplifiers is preferred, however it is sensitive to feedbacks by fibre line, caused mainly by back scattering, reflections, and potential to cause unwanted oscillations. The interference with parallel data transmissions is the issue being carefully solved. Within this paper, we also briefly mention CLONETS Design Study project where we share the experience, and the consortium is about to plan and realize the coherent Pan-European Time and Frequency dissemination network to interconnect national research network, and to provide various Time and Frequency services for a wide range of users, research, non-commercial and commercial as well.

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Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

Ricci,

Dobias,

Malina

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid quantum key exchange combination allows for preserving the security guarantees of pre-quantum schemes and achieving quantum resistance of post-quantum schemes. In this article, we present a concrete 3-key combiner system implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) platform. Our system involves a pre-quantum Key EXchange scheme (KEX), a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm. The proposed 3-key combiner is proven to be secure in the quantum standard model and it is INDistinguishable under a Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA). Our combiner can run in small FPGA platforms due to its relatively low resources usage. In particular, the key combiner without QKD is able to output up to 1 624 keys per second and the key combiner with QKD is able to output up to 9.2 keys per second.

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First cross-border trial of quantum key distribution sharing fiber line with data and accurate time transmissions

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

National infrastructure for dissemination of precise time and ultra-stable optical frequency also aiming to connect quantum sources: CITAF

National infrastructure for dissemination of precise time and ultra-stable optical frequency also aiming to connect quantum sources: CITAF

National infrastructure for dissemination of precise time and interconnection of quantum sources of ultra-stable optical frequency CITAF

Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

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