First Complete Genome Sequence of Piscine Orthoreovirus Variant 3 Infecting Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Farmed in Southern Chile

Bohle, H.; Bustos, Patricio; Leiva, Laura; Grothusen, Horst; Navas, Esteban; Sandoval, Álvaro; Bustamante, Fernando; Montecinos, Karen; Gaete, Alvaro; Mancilla, Marcos

doi:10.1128/genomea.00484-18

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The infected fish have viral inclusions in 80%-100% of erythrocytes, and the hematocrit value is significantly reduced, causing anemia-associated mortalities [17]. PRV-3 infects erythrocytes and is shown to cause heart pathology in Rainbow trout [9,18]; it is also associated with jaundice in coho salmon [19]. Anemia is observed in PRV-3-infected Rainbow trout [20], but not consistently [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during the Early and Regenerating Phases of Infection

et al. 2020

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Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) can cause heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but the line of events from infection, pathologic change, and regeneration has not been thoroughly described. In this study, the cellular localization and variation of PRV-1 RNA and protein levels were analyzed at different times post-exposure in experimentally infected Atlantic salmon. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used for assessment of the presence of the PRV-1 σ1 protein, while RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization were performed for viral RNA. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated that PRV-1 infection induced heart lesions typical of HSMI, such as severe epicarditis and myocarditis with degeneration of cardiomyocytes, necrosis, and diffuse cellular infiltration. PRV-1 infection of erythrocytes and the peak viral plasma level preceded virus presence in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Arginase-2-positive, macrophage-like cells observed in the heart indicated possible polarization to M2 macrophages and the onset of regenerative processes, which may contribute to the recovery from HSMI. The virus was cleared from regenerating heart tissue and from hepatocytes, but persisted in erythrocytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during the Early and Regenerating Phases of Infection

et al. 2020

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“…Phylogenetic analyses were performed including the three full genomes reported in this study, together with the only two full genomes of PRV-3 available in public databases [ 2 , 3 ] (NOR/060214 and ADLPRV3). Additionally, an unpublished, and more or less finished genome from PRV-3 found in the GenBank was also included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRV virions are non-enveloped particles with a double protein capsid with icosahedral symmetry [ 1 ]. The viral genome consists of ten RNA segments denoted S1-4 (S for small, ranging from 1.052 to 1.348 Kb), M1-3 (M for medium, ranging from 2.190 to 2.450 Kb), and L1-3 (L for large, ranging from 3.970 to 4.014 Kb) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Currently, PRV cannot be cultivated in vitro, and only ex vivo infection of red blood cells allows certain replication [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Spread of Piscine orthoreovirus Genotype 3

et al. 2020

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Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a relevant pathogen for salmonid aquaculture worldwide. In 2015, a new genotype of PRV (genotype 3, PRV-3) was discovered in Norway, and in 2017 PRV-3 was detected for first time in Denmark in association with complex disease cases in rainbow trout in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). To explore the epidemiology of PRV-3 in Denmark, a surveillance study was conducted in 2017 to 2019. Fifty-three farms, including both flow through and RAS, were screened for PRV-3. Of the farms examined, PRV-3 was detected in thirty-eight (71.7%), with the highest prevalence in grow-out farms. Notably, in Denmark disease outbreaks were only observed in RAS. Additionally, wild Atlantic salmon and brown trout populations were included in the screening, and PRV-3 was not detected in the three years where samples were obtained (2016, 2018, and 2019). Historical samples in the form of archived material at the Danish National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases were also tested for the presence of PRV-3, allowing us to establish that the virus has been present in Denmark at least since 1995. Sequence analyses of segment S1 and M2, as well as full genome analyses of selected isolates, did not reveal clear association between genetic makeup in these two segments and virulence in the form of disease outbreaks in the field.

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“…These are PRV‐1, PRV‐2 and PRV‐3 (the latter previously referred to as PRV‐Om) (Dhamotharan et al., 2018; Kuehn et al., 2018) (Figure 2). As there is only one full‐length genome published for PRV‐2 (Takano et al., 2016) and three for PRV‐3 (Bohle et al., 2018; Dhamotharan et al., 2018; Kuehn et al., 2018), genetic diversity within these two genogroups is largely unknown. Nevertheless, the three PRV‐3 genomes—one sequenced from an infected Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) farmed in southern Chile (Bohle et al., 2018), one from an infected Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) farmed in Norway (Dhamotharan et al., 2018), and one from Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta ) in Germany (Kuehn et al., 2018)—have relatively high phylogenetic divergence (~96.7% sequence identity) suggesting substantial genetic diversity exists within the PRV‐3 genogroup.…”

Section: Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRV‐3 was first discovered while investigating a disease outbreak involving circulatory failure and histopathological similarities to HSMI in farmed Rainbow Trout in Norway with low to moderate mortality (Olsen et al., 2015). PRV‐3 has since been detected in association with a jaundice/anaemia syndrome in farmed Coho Salmon in Chile (Bohle et al., 2018; Godoy et al., 2016). The virus has also been suggested as the causative agent of a proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS), a multifactorial disease of Brown Trout residing in pre‐Alpine rivers of central Europe (Kuehn et al., 2018); however, the causative role of PRV‐3 in PDS is questioned as the disease was observed to manifest readily in the absence of PRV‐3 (Fux et al., 2019).…”

Section: Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscine orthoreovirus: Biology and distribution in farmed and wild fish

Polinski

Vendramin

Cuenca

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a common and widely distributed virus of salmonids. Since its discovery in 2010, the virus has been detected in wild and farmed stocks from North America, South America, Europe and East Asia in both fresh and salt water environments. Phylogenetic analysis suggests three distinct genogroups of PRV with generally discrete host tropisms and/or regional patterns. PRV-1 is found mainly in Atlantic (Salmo salar), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Salmon of Europe and the Americas; PRV-2 has only been detected in Coho Salmon of Japan; and PRV-3 has been reported primarily in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Europe. All three genotypes can establish high-load systemic infections by targeting red blood cells for principal replication. Each genotype has also demonstrated potential to cause circulatory disease. At the same time, high-load PRV infections occur in non-diseased salmon and trout, indicating a complexity for defining PRV's role in disease aetiology. Here, we summarize the current body of knowledge regarding PRV following 10 years of study.

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First Complete Genome Sequence of Piscine Orthoreovirus Variant 3 Infecting Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Farmed in Southern Chile

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Dissemination of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during the Early and Regenerating Phases of Infection

Dissemination of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during the Early and Regenerating Phases of Infection

Emergence and Spread of Piscine orthoreovirus Genotype 3

Piscine orthoreovirus: Biology and distribution in farmed and wild fish

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