First commercial application of NbTi superconductor employing artificial pinning centers

Renaud, C.V.; Rudziak, M.K.; Seuntjens, J. M.; Wong, Terence Kin Shun; Wong, J.; Eckels, P. W.; King, C.; Havens, Timothy; Mantone, D.; Myers, Bryan; Wong, Seng Kai

doi:10.1109/77.402774

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These small Nb and Ti initial layers can be achieved in multifilament wire through restacking and deformation steps from an initial monofilament wire. This finding is in agreement with results from Rudziak et al [4][5][6][7][8] where the best results in terms of ductility and superconducting properties were for a material produced throughout the APC-DP with Nb thickness in the range of 10-100 µm. However, these authors do not mention the heat treatment conditions applied to the material.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The composite is then mechanically processed (extrusion, swaging, drawing) and after several stacking sequences, the Nb and Ti are present in small layer thicknesses. During processing, heat treatments are applied to the composite to form the Nb-Ti alloy by diffusion, leaving either some Nb or Ti to compose the second phase material [4][5][6][7][8]. Throughout this paper, this route will be referred as 'APC diffusion process' (APC-DP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion between Nb and Ti related to superconductor wire processing

Bormio-Nunes¹,

Nunes²,

Porto³

et al. 2003

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Quantitative data on the diffusion between Nb and Ti are important for the processing of Nb-Ti superconductor wires through the 'artificial pinning centre-diffusion process'. In the literature, most of the Nb-Ti diffusion studies are focused on the 1173-1973 K temperature range which is inappropriate for this application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diffusion between Nb and Ti at 1023 K and 1073 K, from a Nb-Ti cylindrical composite that has been mechanically deformed by swaging. It has been found that at both temperatures most of the diffusion layer is formed through the diffusion of Nb into Ti. A plot of diffusion layer thickness versus t 1/2 (t is the time) showed a linear behaviour for both temperatures with angular coefficients of 0.0867 µm s −1/2 (1023 K) and 0.253 µm s −1/2 (1073 K). Longer heat treatment and higher temperature leads to a Ti-rich diffusion layer, which is not interesting in terms of superconducting properties. After heat treatment at 1023 K for 150 h, the monofilament wire (0.610 mm) presented a critical temperature of 10 K and an upper critical field close to 6 T.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion between Nb and Ti related to superconductor wire processing

Bormio-Nunes¹,

Nunes²,

Porto³

et al. 2003

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…Meanwhile, as an evolution of artificial pinning center (APC) approaches that introduce flux-pinning centers into Nb-Ti wire, Supercon, Inc. has initiated the diffused-layer APC approach where a high-temperature diffusion heat treatment was used to make a two-phase mixture of Nb-Ti alloys from jelly-rolled pure Nb and Ti layers [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifilamentary Nb–Zr and V–Ti superconducting alloys prepared by diffusion reaction between constituent pure-metal subelements

Takeuchi¹,

Takigawa²,

Nakagawa³

et al. 2008

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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We have succeeded in making a superconducting Nb-Zr and V-Ti alloy multifilament wire using the diffusion reaction between constituent pure-metal subelements, which can omit the melt-and-casting step and may reduce the fabrication cost. A third element addition was also performed by replacing the constituent subelements with the third pure-metal subelement in the monofilament; Nb-Zr-V, Nb-Zr-Ti and V-Ti-Ta. Three kinds of heat treatment were investigated; (1) an alloying heat treatment (HT alloy ) which is carried out at the final size ('fs-HT alloy '), (2) HT alloy is followed by cold-working (W) down to the final size ('HT alloy + W'), and (3) an intermediate precipitation heat treatment (HT prec ) is carried out during the W stage coming after the HT alloy stage ('HT alloy + W + HT prec + W'). The 'HT alloy + W + HT prec + W' treatment was found to be most effective in enhancing the critical current densities for both Nb-68 at.% Zr and V-60 at.% Ti-9 at.% Ta alloys, despite the HT prec treatment having slightly degraded the critical magnetic field.

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“…Supercon, Inc. provided APC wire for two magnets at LBNLa solenoid [8] which reached 8.6 T and a dipole [9] which reached 9.0 T at 1.8 K. Supercon also delivered some APC NbTi conductor to a magnet manufacturer for evaluation in MRI magnets [10]. However, at this time, the early promise of APC NbTi has not been realized in any large-scale application.…”

Section: Conductor For Fields Below 10 Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductor development for high field dipole magnets

Scanlan

Dietderich

Higley

2000

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstract--Historically, improvements in dipole magnet performance have been paced by improvements in the superconductor available for use in these magnets. The critical conductor performance parameters for dipole magnets include current density, piece length, effective filament size, and cost. Each of these parameters is important for efficient, cost effective dipoles, with critical current density being perhaps the most important. Several promising magnet designs for the next hadron coUider or a muon coUider require fields of 12 T or higber, i.e. beyond the reach of NbTi. The conductor options include Nb~n, Nb,Al, or tbe high temperature superconductors. Although these conductors have the potential to provide the combination of performance and cost required, none of them have been developed sufficiently at this point to satisfy all the requirements. This paper will review the status of each class of advanced conductor and discuss the remaining problems that require solutions before these new conductors can be considered as practical. In particular, the plans for a new program to develop Nb 3 Sn and Nh3A1 conductors for high energy physics applications will be presented. Also, the development or a multikiloamp Bi-2212 cable for dipole magnet applications will be reported. I. CONDUCTOR FOR FIELDS BELOW 10 TNbTi is the conductor of choice for accelerator magnets for fields below 10 T. This has been due to availability, cost, long piece lengths, and perfonoance. pinning center (APC) approach. Rather than rely on a cold work and precipitation process to produce alpha-Ti phase precipitates which act as flux pinning centers, the APC approach seeks to introduce a fine dispersion of second phase particles by mechanical processing. This research showed great promise, especially for increasing the J, values at low and moderate fields. Samples prepared at the Univ. of Wisconsin showed J, values exceeding 5000Nmm' at 5 T [7].Commercial attempts also showed early promise. Supercon, Inc. provided APC wire for two magnets at LBNLa solenoid [8] which reached 8.6 T and a dipole [9] which reached 9.0 T at 1.8 K. Supercon also delivered some APC NbTi conductor to a magnet manufacturer for evaluation in MRI magnets [10]. However, at this time, the early promise of APC NbTi has not been realized in any large-scale application. This is partly a question of timing--the LHC project was into production and the SSC project was cancelled before the APC material could be fully commercialized. Also, some of the cost advantages of the APC approach have not been realized due to the high cost of some components, such as thin Nb sheet. Although some groups in Japan remain interested in APC NbTi for low field AC applications, the accelerator magnet frontier has moved on to higher fields and interest in NbTi in general is not high.A similar scenario holds for the ternary alloy NbTiTa. Basic studies [11] and some early commercialization efforts showed promise. An R&D program was initiated at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to develop the ter...

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First commercial application of NbTi superconductor employing artificial pinning centers

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Diffusion between Nb and Ti related to superconductor wire processing

Diffusion between Nb and Ti related to superconductor wire processing

Multifilamentary Nb–Zr and V–Ti superconducting alloys prepared by diffusion reaction between constituent pure-metal subelements

Conductor development for high field dipole magnets

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