First Come, First Served: Delayed Fertilization Does Not Enhance Pollen Competition in a Wind-Pollinated Tree,<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>L. (Oleaceae)

Bochenek, Grazyna M.; Eriksen, Bente

doi:10.1086/657298

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Of course, the collective fates of male gametophytes in a pistil are ecologically and evolutionarily relevant in a larger context, as they establish potential siring success of source sporophytes and seed production of the recipient sporophyte (e.g. Aizen & Feinsinger 1994;N emeth & Smith-Huerta 2003;Burkhardt et al 2009;Bochenek & Eriksen 2011). Our theoretical analysis illustrates that the specific timing of DI processes and the spatial and temporal details of DD interactions create signature relations of the mean and variation of tube success to pollen receipt (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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The population ecology of male gametophytes: the link between pollination and seed production

2016

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The fate of male gametophytes after pollen reaches stigmas links pollination to ovule fertilisation, governing subsequent siring success and seed production. Although male gametophyte performance primarily involves cellular processes, an ecological analogy may expose insights into the nature and implications of male gametophyte success. We elaborate this analogy theoretically and present empirical examples that illustrate associated insights. Specifically, we consider pollen loads on stigmas as localised populations subject to density-independent mortality and density-dependent processes as they traverse complex stylar environments. Different combinations of the timing of pollen-tube access to limiting stylar resources (simultaneous or sequential), the tube distribution among resources (repulsed or random) and the timing of density-independent mortality relative to competition (before or after) create signature relations of mean pollen-tube success and its variation among pistils to pollen receipt. Using novel nonlinear regression analyses (two-moment regression), we illustrate contrasting relations for two species, demonstrating that variety in these relations is a feature of reproductive diversity among angiosperms, rather than merely a theoretical curiosity. Thus, the details of male gametophyte ecology should shape sporophyte reproductive success and hence the dynamics and structure of angiosperm populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Aizen & Feinsinger ; Németh & Smith‐Huerta ; Burkhardt et al . ; Bochenek & Eriksen ). Our theoretical analysis illustrates that the specific timing of DI processes and the spatial and temporal details of DD interactions create signature relations of the mean and variation of tube success to pollen receipt (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population ecology of male gametophytes: the link between pollination and seed production

2016

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“…Pollen tubes have been seen to start growing and enter the style 24 h after pollination, reaching the style base within 2 days of pollination (Bochenek & Eriksen 2011). Fertilization was delayed until after wilting of the stigma around 3 weeks after pollination, but ovules were still fertilized by the first pollen grains to have landed on the stigma (Bochenek & Eriksen 2011). Pollen from male flowers fertilized ten times more seeds compared to pollen from hermaphrodite flowers (Morand-Prieur et al 2003).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Characters ( A ) F L O R A L B I O L Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Thomas

2016

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2. Fraxinus excelsior is a large forest tree, native throughout the main islands of Britain and much of mainland Europe. Seedlings are shade tolerant, but adults are not so it tends to be an intermediate successional species, invading gaps in mixed stands rather than forming extensive pure stands. Ash grows on a wide range of soils but is commonest on nutrient-rich soils with a high base status and pH > 4.2, and is at its best on dry calcareous screes and fertile alluvial soils. 3. Fraxinus excelsior is trioecious or subdioecious with male, hermaphrodite and female flowers and trees. Seed production is prolific with periodic higher producing mast years. Seeds are primarily wind-dispersed, but they can float and be moved considerable distances along waterways. Germination is delayed by dormancy until usually the second spring after being shed. 4. Ash is tolerant of drought, but intolerant of spring frosts and so is predicted to fare well under current climate change scenarios, and indeed has recently been expanding in range in Europe. However, ash health and survival is currently seriously compromised by ash dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea) that has the potential to kill all but a very few resistant trees. Moreover, the emerald ash borer beetle Agrilus planipennis, a serious pest of ash species in N. America, has reached Europe (though not yet the British Isles) and poses an equally if not more serious long-term threat to ash.

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“…These species represent a subset of a larger number of taxa with prolonged progamic phases (reviewed by Sogo & Tobe, 2006;Bochenek & Eriksen, 2011). These include species such as Corylus avellana L. (common hazel) and several American red oaks in Fagales, and Hamamelis virginiana L. (American witch-hazel) in the woody Saxifragales.…”

Section: Angiospermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include species such as Corylus avellana L. (common hazel) and several American red oaks in Fagales, and Hamamelis virginiana L. (American witch-hazel) in the woody Saxifragales. These species represent a subset of a larger number of taxa with prolonged progamic phases (reviewed by Sogo & Tobe, 2006;Bochenek & Eriksen, 2011). A progamic phase is considered prolonged when there are three or more days between pollination and fertilization, but, as in the species of Fagales and Saxifragales considered here, in certain taxa up to several months may elapse between pollination and fertilization (Willson & Burley, 1983;Sogo & Tobe, 2006).…”

Section: Angiospermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zygotic dormancy underlies prolonged seed development inFranklinia alatamaha(Theaceae): a most unusual case of reproductive phenology in angiosperms

Schoonderwoerd

Friedman

2016

Bot. J. Linn. Soc.

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In Franklinia alatamaha (Theaceae) an extended period of dormancy, associated with winter, separates pollination in the late summer and autumn from observable fruit growth, which occurs during the subsequent summer season. Here, ovule and early seed development were examined to decipher the timing of reproductive events that underlie this unusual phenological pattern. Female gametophytes were found to be mature before pollination. Evidence for double fertilization was observed soon after pollination. Early endosperm development progresses for up to 3 months after fertilization but comes to a standstill at the onset of winter. The zygote becomes dormant shortly after fertilization and does not divide during the autumn or winter. At the start of the following growing season, endosperm development is reinitiated and the first events associated with the formation of an embryo occur. Seed development is completed roughly at the same time as new flowers are opening, a full year after pollination and fertilization. Dehiscence of fruits does not occur until later in autumn. The prolonged zygotic dormancy in Franklinia is exceedingly rare among angiosperms and differs markedly from patterns of delayed fertilization that typically underlie extended periods between pollination and seed maturation in other temperate, perennial species.

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First Come, First Served: Delayed Fertilization Does Not Enhance Pollen Competition in a Wind-Pollinated Tree,Fraxinus excelsiorL. (Oleaceae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

The population ecology of male gametophytes: the link between pollination and seed production

The population ecology of male gametophytes: the link between pollination and seed production

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Zygotic dormancy underlies prolonged seed development inFranklinia alatamaha(Theaceae): a most unusual case of reproductive phenology in angiosperms

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