First chromosome-level genome assembly of the colonial tunicateBotryllus schlosseri

Abstract

Botryllus schlosseri(Tunicata) is a colonial chordate that has long been studied for its multiple developmental pathways and regenerative abilities and its genetically determined allorecognition system based on a polymorphic locus that controls chimerism and cell parasitism. We present the first chromosome-level genome assembly from an isogenic colony ofB. schlossericlade A1 using a mix of long and short reads scaf-folded using Hi-C. This haploid assembly spans 533 Mb, of which 96% are found in 16 chromosome-scale scaffolds. With a BUSCO completeness of 91.2%, this complete and contiguousB. schlosserigenome assembly provides a valuable genomic resource for the scientific community and lays the foundation for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying coloniality, regeneration, histocompatibility, and the immune system in tunicates.